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Author |
Suryawanshi, K.R., Bhatnagar, Y. V. B., Redpath, S., Mishra, C. |
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Title |
People, predators and perceptions: patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and wolves |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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50 |
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Pages |
550-560 |
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Keywords |
Canis lupus, Capra ibex, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivores, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1. Livestock depredation by large carnivores is an important conservation and economic concern
and conservation management would benefit from a better understanding of spatial variation
and underlying causes of depredation events. Focusing on the endangered snow leopard
Panthera uncia and the wolf Canis lupus, we identify the ecological factors that predispose
areas within a landscape to livestock depredation. We also examine the potential mismatch
between reality and human perceptions of livestock depredation by these carnivores whose
survival is threatened due to persecution by pastoralists.
2. We assessed the distribution of the snow leopard, wolf and wild ungulate prey through field
surveys in the 4000 km2 Upper Spiti Landscape of trans-Himalayan India. We interviewed local
people in all 25 villages to assess the distribution of livestock and peoples’ perceptions of the risk
to livestock from these carnivores. We monitored village-level livestock mortality over a 2-year
period to assess the actual level of livestock depredation. We quantified several possibly influential
independent variables that together captured variation in topography, carnivore abundance
and abundance and other attributes of livestock. We identified the key variables influencing livestock
depredation using multiple logistic regressions and hierarchical partitioning.
3. Our results revealed notable differences in livestock selectivity and ecological correlates of
livestock depredation – both perceived and actual – by snow leopards and wolves. Stocking
density of large-bodied free-ranging livestock (yaks and horses) best explained people’s threat
perception of livestock depredation by snow leopards, while actual livestock depredation was
explained by the relative abundance of snow leopards and wild prey. In the case of wolves,
peoples’ perception was best explained by abundance of wolves, while actual depredation by
wolves was explained by habitat structure.
4. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that (i) human perceptions can be at odds
with actual patterns of livestock depredation, (ii) increases in wild prey populations will intensify
livestock depredation by snow leopards, and prey recovery programmes must be accompanied
by measures to protect livestock, (iii) compensation or insurance programmes should
target large-bodied livestock in snow leopard habitats and (iv) sustained awareness
programmes are much needed, especially for the wolf. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1396 |
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Author |
Bischof, R.,Hameed, S.,Ali, H.,Kabir, M.,Younas, M.,Shah, K. A.,Din, J. U.,Nawaz, M. A. |
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Title |
Using time-to-event analysis to complement hierarchical methods when assessing determinants of photographic detectability during camera trapping |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
Cox proportional hazards model, cumulative incidence, Martes foina, Panthera Uncia, survival anaalysis, Vulpes Vulpes, weighted observations |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
1. Camera trapping, paired with analytical methods for estimating occupancy, abundance and other ecological parameters, can yield information with direct consequences for wildlife management and conservation. Although ecological information is the primary target of most camera trap studies, detectability influences every aspect from design to interpretation.
2. Concepts and methods of time-toevent analysis are directly applicable to camera trapping, yet this statistical field has thus far been ignored as a way to analyze photographic capture data. to illustrate the use to time-to-event statistics and to better understand how photographic evidence accumulates, we explored patterns in tow related measure of detectability: Detection probability and time to detection. We analyzed camera trap data for three sympatric carnivores ( snow Leopard, red fox and stone marten) in the mountains of northern Pakistan and tested predictions about patterns in detectability across species, sites and time.
3. We found species-specific differences in the magnitude of detectability and the factors influencing it, reinforcing the need to consider determinants of detectability in study design and to account for them during analysis. Photographic detectability of snow leopard was noticeably lower than that of red fox, but comparable to detectability of stone marten. Site-specific attributes such as the presence of carnivore sign ( snow Leopard), terrain ( snow leopard and red fox) and application for lures ( red fox) influenced detectability. For the most part, detection probability was constant over time.
4. Species- specific differences in factors determining detectability make camera trap studies targeting multiple species particularly vulnerable to misinterpretation if the hierarchical origin of the data is ignored. Investigators should consider not only the magnitude of detectability, but also the shape of the curve describing the cumulative process of photographic detection, as this has consequences for both determining survey effort and the election of analytical models. Weighted time-to -event analysis can complement occupancy analysis and other hierarchal methods by providing additional tools for exploring camera trap data and testing hypotheses regarding the temporal aspect of photographic evidence accumulation. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1405 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L.; Nystrom, V. |
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Title |
On identifying snow leopards, Panthera uncia, by their facial markings |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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159-167 |
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Keywords |
facial markings; International; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; pedigree; snow leopard |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 959 |
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149 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
The 1981 annual report of the captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) population |
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Report |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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41-47 |
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Keywords |
captive; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; pedigree; population; snow leopard |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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3 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 956 |
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155 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. |
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Title |
Snow leopards (Panthera- uncia) in Nepal – home range and movements |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
National Geographic Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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5 |
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2 |
Pages |
161-175 |
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Keywords |
Nepal; asia; home-range; movements; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; home; range; home range; panthera; panthera uncia; uncia; 840 |
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Addresses:JACKSON R, CALIF INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,SNOW LEOPARD PROJECT,910 K ST,DAVIS,CA 95616 Publisher:NATL GEOGRAPHIC SOC, WASHINGTON Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 128 |
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441 |
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Author |
Soderlund, V. |
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Title |
Chromosome studies in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia): preliminary report |
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1980 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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2 |
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168-182 |
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Keywords |
Chromosome; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; snow leopard |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 983 |
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905 |
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Author |
Yanfa, L. |
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Title |
A preliminary investigation into the geographic distribution of the snow leopard Panthera uncia Schreber |
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1985 |
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Acta Theriologica Sinica |
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5 |
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3 |
Pages |
184-188 |
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Keywords |
distribution; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Chinese |
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China |
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In both Chinese and English. |
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SLN @ rana @ 974 |
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1044 |
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Author |
Simon, N., Geroudet, P. |
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Title |
Last Survivores: The Natural History of Animals in Danger of Extinction |
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1970 |
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127-131 |
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snow leopard, Panthera uncia |
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The World Publishing Company |
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New York |
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English |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1186 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
First report on the snow leopard studbook (Panthera uncia) and 1976 world register |
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1978 |
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Int.Zoo Yearbook |
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18 |
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227-231 |
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Keywords |
panthera uncia; snow leopard; studbook |
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SLN @ rana @ 954 |
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142 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
The 1978 register for the captive population of snow leopards, Panthera uncia |
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1979 |
Publication |
International Zoo News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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26 |
Issue |
7-8 |
Pages |
17-23 |
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Keywords |
captive; captive-population; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; population; snow leopard |
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SLN @ rana @ 955 |
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147 |
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