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Author Baidavletov R.J. url 
  Title Large predators of the Kazakhstan Altai and their importance for hunting industry Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 79-81  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Altai; large predators; snow leopard; distribution; number; preys.; 6110; Russian  
  Abstract (up) Fauna of large predatory mammals in the Kazakhstan Altai is represented by five species: wolf, bear, glutton, lynx, and snow leopard. Snow leopard inhabits the Sarymsakty and Tarbagai ridges and South Altai. This species is observed to regularly penetrate into the Kutun and Kurchum ridges. Its habitat covers an area of 1,800 sq. km, its population being 14-16 animals. The population density is 0.7 1.0 animals per 100 sq. km. A hunting area of a female animal with two cubs is 45 85 sq. km; a male 120 sq. km. Snow leopard main preys on ibex (41.1 percent), roe-deer (31.0 percent), and moral (13.8 percent); in summer on gray marmot (28.6 percent). Snow leopard is also known to prey on hares, birds, argali, and elks.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 590 Serial 107  
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Author Zimina R.P. url 
  Title Biology and biotopical distribution of mammals. Predators. Distribution of mammals by vertical zones Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1964 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 25-27  
  Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Issy-Kul derression; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 8820; Russian  
  Abstract (up) Fauna of the Issyk-Kul depression and the surrounding ridges consists of heterogeneous elements different in their ecologic features and origin. In highlands, more common are species of Central Asia's origin (gray marmot, snow leopard, dhole, ibex, argali, etc.). Snow leopard is met in Terskey-Alatau. Each year hunters catch/shoot one to three snow leopards in the Chon-Kizilsu river basin. In the Djeti-Oguz district, up to five eight snow leopards are caught each winter. Snow leopard is also caught/shot in the river basins Chon-Kizilsu, Karabatkak, Ortok, Archtor, Tekeletor, and Shatly.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Regularities of vertical distribution of mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 859 Serial 1090  
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Author Gvozdev E.V. url 
  Title Dzhungarsky nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 31-34  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Dzungarian Ala Tau; biodiversity; mammals; snow leopard; protected area creation.; 6850; Russian  
  Abstract (up) Fauna of the mammals in Dzungarian Ala Tau included 54 species, from them in IUCN Red book, the Red Data book of USSR and Kazakh Red Data Book listed snow leopard, dhole, brown bear, Central Asian otter, Turkestan lynx, manul, argali, marbled polecat and stone marten. Institute of geography of Kazakhstan offers the project on creation of protected territory on Dzungarian Ala Tau for biodiversity conservation and increase in number of rare and disappearing species.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Perspectives of creation of protected areas fund in Kazakhstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 663 Serial 365  
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Author Ishunin G.I. url 
  Title A problem of original fauna conservation in Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 199-200  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; mammals; origin; game species; snow leopard.; 6910; Russian  
  Abstract (up) Fauna of Uzbekistan is represented by species being common for south deserts (Indian honey badger, striped hyena, cheetah, caracal), tugai forest (riverine forest) (Bukhara deer, jackal, chaus, tiger), Palaearctic steppes (corsac, steppe polecat, marbled polecat, steppe cat, saiga), deserts of Africa and Middle East (sand cat, tridactylous African jerboa) and steppes of Central Asia (dhole, snow leopard, ibex). There are many foxes, large susliks, and muskrats there. Before hunting was prohibited a very few animals belonging to rare species such as bear, otter, leopard, snow leopard, lynx, roe deer, Bukhara deer, markhor, Asian moufflon, argali, Menzbier's marmot, and sometimes honey badger, caracal, manul, and cheetah, were shot.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of VII All-Union zoogeographical conference. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 669 Serial 415  
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Author Kovshar A.F. url 
  Title The conservation of gene pool of rare and endangered animal species in nature reserves of the Kazakh SSR Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 5-7  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; endangered species; distribution; protected areas.; 7370; Russian  
  Abstract (up) Five endangered predatory mammal species are protected in nature reserves of Kazakhstan. Of which snow leopard and stone marten can be met in all mountain nature reserves, while Tien Shan bear and Turkistan lynx in the Alma-Ata and Aksu-Djabagly nature reserves.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Study and protection of wildlife objects. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 715 Serial 582  
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Author Lovari, S., Ventimiglia, M., Minder, I. url 
  Title Food habits of two leopard species, competition, climate change and upper treeline: a way to the decrease of an endangered species? Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Ethology Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 305-318  
  Keywords carnivore evolution, coexistence, sympatric species, diet, Panthera uncia, Panthera pardus.  
  Abstract (up) For carnivore species, spatial avoidance is one of the evolutionary solutions to

coexist in an area, especially if food habits overlap and body sizes tend to coincide.

We reviewed the diets of two large cats of similar sizes, the endangered snow leopard

(Panthera uncia, 16 studies) and the near-threatened common leopard (Panthera par-

dus, 11 studies), in Asia. These cats share ca 10,000 km2 of their mountainous range,

although snow leopards tend to occur at a significantly higher altitude than common

leopards, the former being a cold-adapted species of open habitats, whereas the latter

is an ecologically flexible one, with a preference for woodland. The spectrum of prey

of common leopards was 2.5 times greater than that of snow leopards, with wild prey

being the staple for both species. Livestock rarely contributed much to the diet. When

the breadth of trophic niches was compared, overlap ranged from 0.83 (weight categories)

to one (main food categories). As these leopard species have approximately

the same size and comparable food habits, one can predict that competition will arise

when they live in sympatry. On mountains, climate change has been elevating the

upper forest limit, where both leopard species occur. This means a habitat increase

for common leopards and a substantial habitat reduction for snow leopards, whose

range is going to be squeezed between the forest and the barren rocky altitudes, with

medium- to long-term undesirable effects on the conservation of this endangered cat
 
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1403  
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Author The Snow Leopard Conservancy url 
  Title Visitor Satisfaction and Opportunity Survey, Manang, Nepal: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopards in the Annpurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme Type Report
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume SLC Field Document Series No 3 Issue Pages 1-18  
  Keywords survey; Manang; Nepal; linking; community-based; ecotourism; conservation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; area; Report; valley; trekking; Southern; annapurna; Tibet; landscape; mountain; Culture; region; habitat; endangered; High; density; densities; abundance; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; primary; large; prey; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; mountains; tibetan; tibetan plateau; tibetan-plateau; plateau  
  Abstract (up) For the past two decades, the Manang or Nyeshang Valley has become one of the most popular

trekking routes in Nepal, attracting over 15,000 trekkers annually (Ale, 2001). The 21-day

circular trek takes the visitor from the lush southern slopes of the Annapurna massif around to

its dry northern slopes more reminiscent of Tibet, through a landscape of spectacular mountain

scenes, interesting villages and diverse cultures. The Manang region also offers prime habitat

for the endangered snow leopard, supporting an estimated 4.8 – 6.7 snow leopards per 100 sq.

km (Oli 1992). This high density has been attributed to the abundance of blue sheep, the snow

leopard's primary large prey species across the Himalayan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1021 Serial 961  
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Author Moqanaki, E., Samelius, G. pdf 
  Title Monitoring the Manul – guidelines for practitioners Type Journal Article
  Year Publication The Pallas’s cat International Conservation Alliance (PICA) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-188  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Foreword: Field monitoring of wild animal species is rarely accomplished without challenges. Logistical, environmental, and ecological factors dictate the need for appropriate sampling regardless of location, taxa, or objectives. With regards to felids there is no questioning their popularity when it comes to field research. Their role and impact on the ecosystems combined with their “hypercarnivore” lifestyle and cultural significance have resulted in an extensive and historical resume of field studies across the globe. Despite the vast number of studies on felids, there is a significant skew toward the big cats with the scientific knowledge base for small-bodied cat species, including the Pallas’s cat or manul (Otocolobus manul), much smaller. Given the solitary and elusive nature of most small cats, like the manul, that inhabit remote environments, it is not difficult to understand this gap in field research.

Recognising this gap and following years of field research and conservation, the Pallas’s cat International Conservation Alliance (PICA) and their conservation partners identified the need for targeted and easy to follow guidance on best practices for monitoring the manul in the wild. This guide details an extensive compilation of data collection methods and monitoring techniques for the manul that will help practitioners deliver more effective conservation and research efforts.

This guide was edited by Ehsan Moqanaki and Gustaf Samelius that, in close collaboration with a number of co-authors, have brought together a wealth of knowledge on surveying and monitoring manul populations. Each chapter compiles tried and tested techniques from a range of carnivore research projects over the last few decades, with a focus on the manul. In doing so this guide provides a detailed insight into the most effective data collection methods to enhance future conservation and research efforts for the species. We are grateful to all involved in the development of this book and hope that it serves as a valuable practical guide to current and future conservation and researcher efforts, while contributing to long-term conservation actions for this amazing small cat.

The Pallas’s cat International Conservation Alliance
 
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1709  
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Author Gao, Y., Wang, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Liu, Y., Luo, Y., Orrick, K., Alexander, J. S., Sangpo, J. T., Clark, S. G. pdf 
  Title Contextualizing sociodemographic differences in Tibetan attitudes toward large carnivores Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Conservation Science and Practice Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue e13049 Pages 1-15  
  Keywords ABC model, brown bear, gray wolf, snow leopard, Tibet  
  Abstract (up) Fostering human–wildlife coexistence necessitates a thorough and nuanced grasp of local attitudes toward wildlife. Attitudes can vary substantially based on the sociodemographic backgrounds of individuals within a society. This study examines Tibetan attitudes toward large carnivores, emphasizing the importance of contextualization in discerning the effects of sociodemographic factors on attitudes. We began by analyzing existing research on Tibetan attitudes toward wildlife in China, identifying previously studied sociodemo- graphic variables. We then executed an online survey to evaluate the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and overall attitudes of ethnic Tibetans in China toward snow leopards (Panthera uncia), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and brown bears (Ursus arctos). Our findings show that while factors such as gender, age, religious identity, and level of education shape these attitudes, their influence differs depending on the specific attitude component and the target animal under examination. Therefore, making broad generalizations about sociodemographic differences in attitudes can be misleading. It is imperative for attitude research to clearly define the attitude component (what type of attitude), object (attitude toward what), and circumstance (attitude in which situation) being studied. Conducting ethnographic fieldwork in collaboration with local cultural experts can deepen our understanding of local perspectives and the ways sociodemographic factors influence attitudes. Such insights are pivotal for developing conservation strategies attuned to local sociocultural contexts.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1736  
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Author McCarthy, T.; Fuller, T.; Munkhtsog, B. url 
  Title Movements and activities of snow leopards in Southwestern Mongolia Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 124 Issue Pages 527-537  
  Keywords snow leopard; Uncia uncia; Mongolia; satellite radio-telemetry; home range; activity patterns; 6310  
  Abstract (up) Four adult (2M:2F) snow leopards (Uncia uncia) were radio-monitored (VHF; one also via satellite) year-round during 1994-1997 in the Altai Mountains of southwestern Mongolia where prey densities (i.e., ibex, Capra siberica) were relatively low (0.9/km2). Marked animals were more active at night (51%) than during the day (35%). Within the study area, marked leopards showed strong a.nity for steep and rugged terrain, high use of areas rich in ungulate prey, and a.nity for habitat edges. The satellite-monitored leopard moved more than 12 km on 14% of consecutive days monitored. Home ranges determined by standard telemetry techniques overlapped substantially and were at least 13-141 km2in size. However, the satellite-monitored individual apparently ranged over an area of at least 1590 km2, and perhaps over as much as 4500 km2. Since telemetry attempts from the ground were

frequently unsuccessful dx¬ 72%_, we suspect all marked animals likely had large home ranges. Relatively low prey abundance in the area also suggested that home ranges of >500 km2were not unreasonable to expect, though these are >10-fold larger than measured in any other part of snow leopard range. Home ranges of snow leopards may be larger than we suspect in many areas, and thus estimation of snow leopard conservation status must rigorously consider logistical constraints inherent in telemetry studies, and the relative abundance of prey.
 
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  Notes Journal Title: Biological Conservation Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 609 Serial 665  
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