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Author Christiansen, P. url 
  Title Canine morphology in the larger Felidae: implications for feeding ecology Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 91 Issue Pages 573-592  
  Keywords bite force, canine, clouded leopard, feeding behaviour, felid, Homotherium serum, leopard, Megantereoncultridens, morphology, Neofelis nebulosa, paleontology, Panthera pardus, Panthera tigris, puma, Puma concolor, Smilodon fatalis, Smilodon populator, snow leopard, Uncia uncia  
  Abstract (down) Canine morphology is analysed at seven intervals along the crown in both

anteroposterior and lateromedial perspective in seven species of large felids. The puma and the snow leopard have stout, rather conical canines, whereas those of lions, jaguars, and tigers bear substantial resemblance to each other, reflecting their phylogenetic relationships, and are less conical and large. The canines of the leopard are intermediate in morphology between those of the other species, probably reflecting its more generalized diet. The clouded leopard has very large and blade-like canines, which are different from the other analysed species. Canine bending strengths to estimated bite forces appear to differ less among the species than morphology,indicating that the evolution of canines has been constricted with respect to their strength in failure, probably owing to their being equally important for species fitness. However, the clouded leopard again stands out, having a high estimated bite force and rather weak canines in bending about the anteroposterior as well as lateromedial planes compared to the other species. Canine morphology to some extent reflects differences in killing mode, but also appears to be related to the phylogeny. The marked divergence of the clouded leopard is presently not understood.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1115  
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Author Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S.   
  Title Wolves in the Transhimalayan region of India: The continued survival of a low-density population Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Canadian Circumpolar Institute Occasional Publication No.35; Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 35 Issue Pages 95-103  
  Keywords Competition; Population-Density; Tibetan-Wolf; Transhimalayan-Region; Wildlife-Management; browse; population; density; tibetan; wolf; wildlife; management; transhimalayan; region; 710  
  Abstract (down) Canadian Cirumpolar Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada/Second North American Symposium on Wolves, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, August 25-27, 1992  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 272 Serial 306  
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Author Bohnett, E., Faryabi, S. P., Lewison, R., An, L., Bian, X., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Rooyesh, H., Mills, E., Ramos, S., Mesnildrey, N., Perez, C. M. S., Taylor, J., Terentyev, V., Ostrowski, S. pdf 
  Title Human expertise combined with artificial intelligence improves performance of snow leopard camera trap studies Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Global Ecology & Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue e02350 Pages 1-13  
  Keywords Snow leopard, Artificial intelligence, Camera trap misclassification, individual ID, HotSpotter  
  Abstract (down) Camera trapping is the most widely used data collection method for estimating snow leopard (Panthera uncia) abundance; however, the accuracy of this method is limited by human observer errors from misclassifying individuals in camera trap images. We evaluated the extent Whiskerbook (www.whiskerbook.org), an artificial intelligence (AI) software, could reduce this error rate and enhance the accuracy of capture-recapture abundance estimates. Using 439 images of 34 captive snow leopard individuals, classification was performed by five observers with prior experience in individual snow leopard ID (“experts”) and five observers with no such experience (“novices”). The “expert” observers classified 35 out of 34 snow leopard individuals, on average erroneously splitting one individual into two, thus resulting in a higher number than true individuals. The success rate of experts was 90 %, with less than a 3 % error in estimating the population size in capture-recapture modeling. However, the “novice” observers successfully matched 71 % of encounters, recognizing 25 out of 34 individuals, underestimating the population by 25 %. It was found that expert observers significantly outperformed novice observers, making statistically fewer errors (Mann Whitney U test P = 0.01) and finding the true number of individuals (P = 0.01). These differences were contrasted with a previous study by Johansson et al. 2020, using the same subset of 16 individuals from European zoos. With the help of AI and the Whiskerbook platform, “experts” were able to match 87 % of encounters and identify 15 out of 16 individuals, with modeled estimates of 16 ± 1 individuals. In contrast, “novices” were 63 % accurate in matching encounters and identified 12 out of 16 individuals, modeling 12 ± 1 individuals that underestimated the population size by 12 %. When comparing the performance of observers using AI and the Whiskerbook platform to observers performing the tasks manually, we found that observers using Whiskerbook made significantly fewer errors in splitting one individual into two (P = 0.04). However, there were also a significantly higher number of combination errors, where two individuals were combined into one (P = 0.01). Specifically, combination errors were found to be made by “novices” (P = 0.04). Although AI benefited both expert and novice observers, expert observers outperformed novices. Our results suggest that AI effectively reduced the misclassification of individual snow leopards in camera trap studies, improving abundance estimates. However, even with AI support, expert observers were needed to obtain the most accurate estimates.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1715  
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Author Heinen, J.T.; Mehta, J. url 
  Title Emerging issues in legal and procedural aspects of buffer zone management with case studies from Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of Environment and Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 45-67  
  Keywords conservation; legal; management; Nepal; park; participatory; protected area; regulations  
  Abstract (down) Buffer zones have been used as part of larger integrated conservation development programs to provide the benefits of ecological buffering of protected areas and socioeconomic buffering of neighboring communities. The authors explore the legal and managerial development of buffer zones internationally and with the passage of a conservation amendment in Nepal. A review of Nepal's buffer zone policies and several ongoing projects shows that there are several potential inherent problems. As written, regulations tend to expand the authority of the state by imposing restrictions in populated areas formerly not under control of park officials. Some participatory rights are provided to citizens, but management authority largely remains top down from the standpoint of local users. The authors question whether the managerial and research capacities exist to monitor buffer zones for their effectiveness both for conservation and development purposes and make several recommendations to improve implementation.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 939 Serial 378  
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Author Esipov V.M. url 
  Title Chatkal biosphere nature reserve. Buffer zones needed badly Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Vol.1. Issue Pages 294-296  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; fauna; snow leopard; poaching; human influence; protection.; 6590; Russian  
  Abstract (down) Briefly presented is history of the Chatkal nature reserve's establishment, protected flora and fauna, and intense economic activity impact on wildlife of the protected area.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 637 Serial 266  
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Author Novikov, G.A.   
  Title Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR Type Book Whole
  Year 1962 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Ussr; Russia; ecology; distribution; skull-illustration; Soviet-Union; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; skull illustrations; skull; illustrations; 3140  
  Abstract (down) Brief review of physical characteristics, (skull illustration) ecology and distribution  
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  Publisher Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci. Place of Publication Ussr Editor  
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  Notes Translated 1962, Isreali Program for Scientific Translations, Washington D.C. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 16 Serial 728  
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Author Schaller, G.B. url 
  Title Imperiled phantom of Asian peaks Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication National Geographic Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 140 Issue Pages 702-707  
  Keywords conservation; Pakistan; baiting; browse; 2210  
  Abstract (down) Brief description of succssful baiting, with a domestic goat and photographing a wild snow leopard in Northern Pakistan.  
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  Notes First photographs of snow leopards in the wild Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 22 Serial 859  
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Author Roberts, T.J.   
  Title The Mammals of Pakistan Type Book Whole
  Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Pakistan; ecology; status; distribution; browse; 2200  
  Abstract (down) Brief description of physical characteristics, ecology,status, and distribution of snow leopard in Pakistan  
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  Publisher Ernest Benn Place of Publication London and Tonbridge Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes 156-158 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 38 Serial 825  
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Author Frueh, R. url 
  Title A note on breeding snow leopards at the Saint Louis Zoo Type Journal Article
  Year 1968 Publication Int.Zoo Yearbook Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 74-76  
  Keywords zoos; zoo; breeding; cubs; behavior; browse; 3620  
  Abstract (down) Breif comments on physical characteristics of the young, care and reproductive behavior of snow leopards  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 21 Serial 327  
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Author The Snow Leopard Conservancy url 
  Title Visitor Attitude and Market Survey for Planning Community-based Tourism Initiatives in Rural Ladakh Type Report
  Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume SLC Field Series Document No. 2. Issue Pages  
  Keywords attitude; survey; planning; community-based; tourism; rural; Ladakh; mountain; range; Himalaya; Karakoram; land; landscapes; landscape; gorge; home; wildlife; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; tibetan; Tibetan wild ass; wild; wild ass; wild-ass; High; desert; ecosystem; International; domestic; environment; people; conserve; resource; income; Snow Leopard Conservancy; local; community; Organization; co-existence; predators; predator; endangered; reducing; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; loss  
  Abstract (down) Bounded by two of the world's highest mountain ranges, the Great Himalaya and the Karakoram, Ladakh is a land of exhilarating mountain landscapes, rocky gorges and a unique cultural heritage. It is also home to distinctive wildlife such as the snow leopard, blue sheep and Tibetan wild ass, all living in a unique high altitude desert ecosystem. Not surprisingly, Ladakh is becoming a sought after tourist destination for international and domestic visitors alike. Over the past two decades tourism has grown substantially, although erratically, with both positive and less positive results for Ladakh's environment and people. People are recognizing that it is important to act now and engage in an informed dialogue in order to conserve the natural and cultural resources on which the future of tourism and related incomes depend. The Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) is working in collaboration with local communities and nongovernmental organizations to foster co-existence between people and predators like the endangered snow leopard by reducing livestock depredation losses and improving household incomes in environmentally friendly, socially responsible and economically viable ways. Well-balanced tourism is one income generating option.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Los Gatos, California Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1023 Serial 960  
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