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| Author | Ali, S.M. | ||||
| Title | The Cats of India | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Myforest | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 26 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 275-291 |
| Keywords | lion; clouded-leopard; cheetah; tiger; leopard; snow-leopard; India; Panthera-leo; Neofelis-nebylosa; Acinonyx-jubatus; Panthera-tigris; Panthera-pardus; Panthera-uncia; behavior; ecology; snow leopard; browse; panthera; uncia; pardus; clouded; leo; neofelis; nebylosa; ancinonyx; jubatus; 820 | ||||
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Describes the range, behaviour and ecology of lion Panthera leo, tiger P. tigris, leopard P. pardus, snow leopard P. uncia, clouded leopard Neofelis nebylosa and cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. -P.J.Jarvis | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 144 | Serial | 59 | ||
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| Author | Pokrovski, V.S. | ||||
| Title | The Snow Leopard Large Predators | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1976 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Soviet-Union; Russia; Ussr; behavior; ecology; captivity; zoo; zoos; distribution; conservation; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2590 | ||||
| Abstract |
Detailed review of snow leopard distribution and abundance, behavior, ecology,captive population and conservation measures in the Soviet Union. Estimates a snow leopard population of 300 +/- 150. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Moscow | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 35 | Serial | 778 | ||
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| Author | Dang, H. | ||||
| Title | The snow leopard and its prey | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1967 | Publication | The Cheetal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | Pages | 47-58 | |
| Keywords | India; predator; prey; hunting; status; distribution; kills; behavior; predation; habitat; browse; 2330 | ||||
| Abstract |
Discusses distribution and habitat of snow leopard in India. Estimates population of 200-400 in entire Himalayan region. Reports seventeen occasions of observing snow leopards in the wild, one involving the killing of Himalayan thar. Discusses snow leopard hunting methods and food habits, and provides evidence of predation from examination of 17 snow leopard kills. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 17 | Serial | 231 | ||
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| Author | Schaller, G.B. | ||||
| Title | On meeting a Snow Leopard | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1972 | Publication | Animal Kingdom | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 75 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 7-13 |
| Keywords | Pakistan; ecology; conservation; distribution; livestock; goat; baiting; reserves; reserve; park; parks; refuge; behavior; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; 2220 | ||||
| Abstract |
Discusses snow leopard distribution, ecology and conservation. Describes baiting (with a domestic goat) of a snow leopard and cub in a game reserve in Northern Pakistan. Incudes a description of the Leopard killing a goat, and observations over a week when the leopards were feeding on the goat baits. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 23 | Serial | 861 | ||
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| Author | Fox, J.L. | ||||
| Title | Conflict between predators and people in Ladakh | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 18 | |
| Keywords | asia; India; behavior; endangered; threatened-species; mammals; management; predation; public relations; reserves; refuges; parks; wildlife; human-relationships; livestock; sheep; goats; prey; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; protected-area; Hemis; browse; Islt; International; snow; leopard; trust; public; Relations; Human; relationships; protected; 640 | ||||
| Abstract |
During a six-week period in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India, snow leopards killed 10 sheep and goats and one leopard gained access to a livestock pen and killed many of the animals inside. Dholes also killed sheep and goats, and a wolf killed a young horse. Residents routinely remove snow leopard cubs from their dens to limit future damage by this species. How to deal with the plight of the people living in the area while still protecting the endangered species are major concerns of the International Snow Leopard Trust, which manages Hemis National Park. lgh. | ||||
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| Notes | AUTHOR ADDRESS: Dep. Ecol./Zool., IBG Univ. Tromso, Tromso, Norway, ORIGINAL SOURCE: Snow Leopard News, Autumn 1997 Document Type: English Call Number: WR99-007446 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 309 | Serial | 310 | ||
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| Author | Freeman, H. | ||||
| Title | Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Zoo Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-22 |
| Keywords | behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600 | ||||
| Abstract |
Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 60 | Serial | 319 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev E.P. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The structure of habitat, ecology, protection | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 100 p. | ||
| Keywords | Kyzgyzstan; snow leopard; life-history; distribution; habitats; number; diet; behavior; conservation measures.; 7240; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
Habitat, status of population, geographical distribution, number, and ecology of snow leopard in Tien Shan are analyzed based on original realistic material collected 1981 through 1988.Information about irbis in the `foreign' part of its habitat is given for comparison. The reasons for snow leopard habitat shrinkage in Central Asia and Kazakhstan for over 100 years are assessed. Status of ungulate populations snow leopard prey on is given. The predator's behavioral pattern and condition in enclosure are given consideration. Protection measures are proposed. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in Russian | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 702 | Serial | 558 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R.M. | ||||
| Title | Home Range, Movements and Habitat use of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Nepal | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 233 pp | ||
| Keywords | Nepal; blue-sheep; predator; prey; home-range; behavior; capture; telemetry; habitat; marking; activity; movement; tracking; blue; sheep; browse; home range; home; range; 990 | ||||
| Abstract |
Home ranges for five radio-tagged snow leopards (Uncia uncia) inhabiting prime habitat in Nepal Himalaya varied in size from 11-37 km2. These solitary felids were crepuscular in activity, and although highly mobile, nearly 90% of all consecutive day movements involved a straight line distance of 2km or less. No seasonal difference in daily movement or home range boundry was detected. While home ranges overlapped substancially, use of common core spaces was temporally seperated, with tagged animals being located 1.9 km or more apart during the smae day. Spatial analysis indicated that 47-55% of use occured within only 6-15% of total home area. The snow leopards shared a common core use area, which was located at a major stream confuence in an area where topography, habitat and prey abundance appeared to be more favorable. A young female used her core area least, a female with two cubs to the greatest extent. the core area was marked significantly more with scrapes, Faeces and other sighn than non-core sites, suggesting that social marking plays an important role in spacing individuals. Snow leopards showed a strong preference for bedding in steep, rocky or broken terrain, on or close to a natural vegetation or landform edge. linear landform features, such as a cliff or major ridgeline, were preferred for travelling and day time resting. This behavior would tend to place a snow leopard close to its preferred prey, blue sheep (Psuedois nayaur), which uses the same habitat at night. Marking was concetrated along commonly travelled routes, particularly river bluffs, cliff ledges and well defined ridgelines bordering stream confluences--features that were most abundant within the core area. Such marking may facilitate mutual avoidance, help maintain the species' solitary social structure, and also enable a relatively high density of snow leopard, especially within high-quality habitat. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | University of London | Place of Publication | University of London | Editor | |
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| Notes | Date of Copyright: 1996 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 275 | Serial | 481 | ||
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| Author | Molyukov M.I. | ||||
| Title | Irbis | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 74-81 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; diet; behavior.; 7710; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
In a popular form it tells about snow leopard, its geographical distribution, behavioral patterns, food, enemies and competitors, hunting behavior, etc. Given are interesting data concerning the number of ibex killed during one hunt in eastern Pamir (25 30 ibexes), cases of snow leopard's attacking bears and so on. Snow leopard rarely preys on livestock, mainly sheep and goats. Young snow leopards are easily tamed. There are about 2,000 snow leopards in the USSR about 1,500 of them are in Kyrgyzstan. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of the Red Data Book of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 749 | Serial | 703 | ||
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| Author | Thapa, K., Rayamajhi, S. | ||||
| Title | Anti-predator strategies of blue sheep (naur) under varied predator compositions: a comparison of snow leopard-inhabited valleys with and without wolves in Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | ||
| Keywords | Annapurna conservation area, antipredator behavior, blue sheep (Naur), predation, prey predator traits, snow leopard, trade-off, wolf. | ||||
| Abstract |
In Nepal, naur are usually the staple wild prey for the snow leopard, a solitary stalker hunter, and in some cases, for the wolf who hunts in a pack. We assumed that naur would adapt their anti-predatory responses to the presence of chasing and ambushing predators in the Manang Valley, where there are snow leopards and wolves, and in the Nar Phu valley, an area where there is only the snow leopard. Aims. The aim of this study was to determine if there were differences in anti-predator strategies (vigilance, habitat selection and escape terrain) of naur in two valleys over two seasons, spring and autumn. Methods. In spring 2019, we conducted a reconnaissance survey on the status of the naur and its habitat in the Manang and Nar Phu valleys of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. In spring and autumn 2020 and 2021, we observed 360 focal naur individuals (180 individuals in each valley), using the vigilance behaviour methodology to examine the behaviour of the naur. Key results. There was little difference in the size of the naur groups between the Manang and Nar Phu valleys. The naur were twice as vigilant in Manang (15%), where there are snow leopards and wolves, as they were in Nar Phu (9%), with only snow leopards. The distance from the naur to escape cover was significantly shorter in Manang than in Nar Phu valley. Naur used significantly more rolling terrain in Nar Phu than in Manang. Conclusions. The return of wolves to the Manang valley may have resulted in an increase in the level of naur vigilance. Most likely, the wolves in Manang have already had an effect on the female-to-young-ratio, and this effect will possibly have important consequences for the naur population, as well as at the ecosystem level in the future. Other key determining factors, such as the climate crisis and changes in local resources, could have a significant impact on the naur population, indicating the need for more research. Implications. The findings of this study would provide valuable baseline information for the design of a science-based conservation strategy for conservation managers and scientists on naur, snow leopards and wolves. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1732 | ||
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| Author | Matyushkin, E.N. | ||||
| Title | Tracks and tracking techniques in studies of large carnivorous mammals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Zoologichesky Zhurnal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 79 | Issue | (4) | Pages | 412-429 |
| Keywords | Lynx; Scent-Marking; Organization; population; behavior; Felidae; Forest; Russia; tracking; pug marks; scent; marking; browse; 60; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
In Russia, traditions of track observations and the use of tracking techniques in studying the ecology and behavior of mammals were founded by A.N. Formozov. An analytic review of his data on large carnivorous mammals (tiger, snow leopard, wolf, brown bear, wolverine, and others) is given. A special detailed observation of animals' tracks as a source of information on their life is shown only to start. The efficiency of track observations in various fields of studies, including counting animals, is estimated. The values of day and night distances for various animal species, given in literature, have never been properly substantiated methodically. The tracking method is the most effective in studying the use of the home range by animals, drawing the network of their movements and scent-marking behavior. The hunting behavior of large predators in dense forests is can only be deduced by observing their tracks. In some cases, the use of tracking has a distinct advantage over radio tracking. The main propositions are illustrated by the materials of the author obtained in various Russian regions (in forests of the northern Russian Plain and southern Far east) for 1958-1998. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: Russian | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 391 | Serial | 652 | ||
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| Author | Allabergenov E. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard or ilvirs | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 1 122 (6. 013) | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; distribution; habitats; diet; behavior; snow leopard.; 5940; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
In Uzbekistan, snow leopard can be found in the Turkistan and Gissar ridges, in the mountains of Zaami, and in the Kurama, Chatkal and Ugam ridges. Here it keeps at up to 3,000 4,000 m above sea level. Snow leopard feeds upon wild ungulates ibex and sheep, and sometimes attacks livestock but never man. A brief information concerning peculiarities of snow leopard biology and behavioral patterns is provided. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | 1986 | Editor | ||
| Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Vecherniy Tashkent Newspaper. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 573 | Serial | 61 | ||
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| Author | Allabergenov E. | ||||
| Title | Predator that will never attack a man | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 1 207 (7. 896) | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; distribution; number; diet; behavior; snow leopard.; 5960; Russian | ||||
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Irbis is a very endangered species in Uzbekistan. The article provides a brief description of the snow leopard appearance and distribution. Reasons for reduction of snow leopard population is reduction of ungulate populations it preys on ibex and wild sheep and anthropogenic disturbance. Hunting for snow leopard is prohibited everywhere. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vecherniy Tashkent Newspaper | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 575 | Serial | 63 | ||
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| Author | Ishunin G.I. | ||||
| Title | Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778 | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1961 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. 3. | Issue | Pages | 127-131 | |
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates). | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 666 | Serial | 412 | ||
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| Author | Flerov K.K. | ||||
| Title | Capra sibirica, Uncia uncia uncia Erxleben | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1935 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 115-120 | ||
| Keywords | Tajikistan; wild ibex; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior.; 6690; Russian | ||||
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It describes identification signs of ibex and snow leopard; provides data concerning taxonomy, distribution and behavioral patterns of the both species. Snow leopard inhibits the mountains of Central Asia, Tarbagatai, Altai, Sayans and southward to the Humalayas. In Tajikistan snow leopard is distributed in Pamir, and probably, along alpine strip of the ridges in northern Tajikistan. The sub-species status is not defined. It is known that the same type inhabits the area from the Sayans to Himalayas. Only in Tibet and highlands of Sychuan and Gansu lives a well-marked sub-species Uncia uncia uncioides Hodgson. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Tajikistan, their life and importance for man. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 647 | Serial | 278 | ||
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| Author | Korytin S.A. | ||||
| Title | Animal's behavior near attractions. Animal's reaction to chasing with dogs. Animal behavior and traps | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 49-51 | ||
| Keywords | Cats; behavior; snow leopard.; 7300; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It describes trophic behavior of the cat family species (lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, caracal, reed cat, wild cat and domestic cat), their reaction to dog-chasing and behavioral patterns when trapped. Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) sometime eat dead animals. After killing the prey they take it away. Irbis eats the carcass, half-risen on front limbs, beginning from the chest and front limbs or lower part of belly, usually not touching intestines. It eats slowly and spends a lot of time near the carcass and returns to the carcass several times. Known are cases that two snow leopards, or a snow leopard and wolf eating the prey together. Snow leopard usually keeps birds off the carcass. If a man approaches snow leopard normally goes away, sometimes putting up with his close presence. Escaping from dogs, snow leopard was seen to plunge into the river. When trapped, snow leopard rather easily surrenders to man. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Habits of wild animals. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 708 | Serial | 551 | ||
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| Author | Lukarevskiy V.S. | ||||
| Title | Peculiarities of communicative behavior of leopard, irbis, lynx, and caracal | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 200 | ||
| Keywords | Felidae; communicative behavioral; leopard; snow leopard; Lynx; caracal.; 7600; Russian | ||||
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It gives the description of communicative behavioral system (visual, olfactory and vocal elements) for two groups of large Felidae species such as leopard-irbis and lynx-caracal. General and specific behavioral regularities are given. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Russia and neighbouring countries. Proceedings of the conference. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 738 | Serial | 627 | ||
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| Author | Razmakhnin V.E. | ||||
| Title | Siberian wild ibex | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 164-175 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; Siberian wild ibex; biology; distribution; number; variability; behavior; predators; snow leopard.; 8050; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It provides a detailed description of biology, distribution, geographic variability, behavior, and locomotion features of ibex in the USSR. Its population was defined as 100,000 animals, main enemies being wolf, snow leopard, and golden eagle. Wolf mainly preys on ibex at the end of winter; old males, weakened during the heat mostly becoming a prey. Snow leopards prey on ibexes all year round. Golden eagles mostly prey on young ibexes. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ungulates. Rare animals of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 783 | Serial | 810 | ||
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| Author | Bykova E.A. | ||||
| Title | Method of questionnaire design used for the collecting of primary data on threatened species with the example of snow leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 208-214 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; questionnaire based method; distribution; number; food; behavior; poaching; snow leopard.; 6410; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
Method of questionnaire design is used for long time successfully in the various fields of zoological research. This method is most significant for the collecting of data on threatened species. It can be applied together with standard inquest and survey methods without taking remarkable financial and temporal expenses. Such data can be assigned as the base for further planning of scientific investigations of the threatened species. In the result of survey, there were gathered 96 records of Snow Leopard and its tracks of the vital functions on Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkestan and Hissar ridges. Majority of records was made on Hissar ridge either on the area of Hissar reserve, either outside of protected area. There was collected data on distribution of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan, on its territorial and food behavior, cases and causes of poaching. As a conclusion, it seems to be rational to use the method of questionnaire design among rangers of protected areas and local inhabitants for the collecting of primary information on threatened animal species. It would be optimal to gather such data every 3-4 years that would allow receiving the fresh comparable year-by-year information. Interpretation of questionnaire data should be made with certain prudence, taking into account subjectivity of collected information. Therefore during gathering of questionnaire data it is desirable personal attendance of researcher for more accurate definition of answers on the presented questions. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 619 | Serial | 205 | ||
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| Author | Lanier, D.L.; Dewsbury, D.A. | ||||
| Title | A quantitative study of copulatory behaviour of large Felidae | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1976 | Publication | Behavioural-Processes | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 327-333 |
| Keywords | behavior; breeding; mating; copulation; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; reproduction; browse; 1590 | ||||
| Abstract |
Observed a total of 109 copulations in 6 male-female pairs from 4 species of large Felidae. The mean intromission durations were 3.0 sec for Asian leopards (Panthera pardus), 3.3 sec for African leopards (P. pardus), 12.9 sec for snow leopards (Uncia uncia), 2.3 sec for spotted jaguars (P. onca), 3.3 sec for black jaguars (P. onca), and 12.4 sec for Siberian tigers (P. tigris). Behavioral patterns were qualitatively similar across species; all displayed a copulatory pattern with no lock, no intravaginal thrusting, ejaculation on a single insertion, and multiple ejaculations. Whereas domestic cats are reported to assume a neck grip and to tread prior to insertion, these larger Felidae generally did so after intromission had been achieved. After copulation, females of some pairs swiped at the male and displayed a rolling after-reaction. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned) | ||||
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| Notes | Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers BV. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 32 | Serial | 610 | ||
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| Author | Ale, S.B., Brown, J.S. | ||||
| Title | Prey behavior leads to predator: a case study of the Himalayan tahr and the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 315-327 |
| Keywords | vigilance, fear, behavioral indicator, predator, prey, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, Mount Everest | ||||
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Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard’s main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator’s ecology. The Himalayan tahr’s vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores. | ||||
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| Publisher | Science from Israel, a division of LPPLtd. | Place of Publication | Israel | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1109 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev, E.P. | ||||
| Title | Characteristics of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) movements in the Tien Shan | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1984 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | Pages | 15-21 | |
| Keywords | Tien-Shan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; behavior; habitat; tracks; tracking; prey; predator; ibex; kills; browse; tien shan; soviet union; soviet; union; 2750 | ||||
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Reports on a 3 yr winter study of snow leopard movements and activity, based on following tracks in the snow in Tien Shan Mountains of USSR. Travel route preference is examined with regard to snow and terrain characteristics, and prey abundance. Snow leopard kills of ibex and hare are noted | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 403 | Serial | 570 | ||
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| Author | McVittie, R. | ||||
| Title | Nursing behavior of snow leopard cubs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | Applied-Animal-Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 159-168 |
| Keywords | suckling; behavior; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; browse; 1580 | ||||
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Reports that a preliminary project on nursing behavior in 3 young snow leopards revealed 2 phases in suckling pattern: nonnutritive and nutritive. The latter was distinguished by stereotypic rhythmical movements of the ears associated with swallowing. The cubs also demonstrated a teat preference, but the adaptive significance of such preferences and the accompanying agonistic behavior were unclear. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned) | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 37 | Serial | 669 | ||
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| Author | Gronberg, E. | ||||
| Title | Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior | ||||
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Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Master's thesis | |||
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| Notes | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1301 | ||
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| Author | Schmidt, A.M.; Hess, D.L.; Schmidt, M.J.; Lewis, C.R. | ||||
| Title | Serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone and frequency of sexual behaviour during the normal oestrous cycle in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | J Reprod Fertil | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 91-95 |
| Keywords | Animal; Animals; zoo; physiology; Carnivora; Estradiol; Blood; estrus; Female; Progesterone; Seasons; Sex; behavior; Support; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; us; government; gov't; 490 | ||||
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Serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured at weekly intervals for six months, and correlated with daily behavioural observations in two adult female snow leopards (Panthera uncia). Three oestradiol peaks (> 21 pg ml-1; interval 3.6 weeks) were identified in a snow leopardess housed alone (two more were probably missed because of the weekly sampling schedule), and three oestradiol peaks were identified in a snow leopardess housed with a male as a breeding pair (interval 6 weeks). Daily frequencies of feline reproductive behaviour averaged 1.77 observations per observation period during weeks of high oestradiol and 0.62 during weeks of low oestradiol. Progesterone concentrations did not rise above baseline values (< 2 ng ml-1) in the isolated animal, but 6 weeks of high progesterone concentrations (4.9- 38.8 ng ml-1) was recorded in the paired snow leopardess following mating. No offspring were produced. Snow leopards were observed daily for an additional 4.5 years. Sexual behaviour peaks could be clearly identified from December through April, and average daily sexual behaviour scores were higher during these months than during the rest of the year. Intervals between sexual behaviour peaks for the isolated snow leopardess averaged 3.03 weeks. The sexual behaviour of the paired snow leopards decreased for 8-9 weeks following mating when no offspring were produced, and decreased for 13 weeks in one year when a single cub was born. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0022-4251 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Document Type: eng | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 204 | Serial | 874 | ||
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