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| Author | Murray, D.; Kapke, C.; Evermann, J.; Fuller, T. | ||||
| Title | Infectious disease and the conservation of free-ranging large carnivores | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 241-254 | |
| Keywords | infectous disease; free ranging; browse; infectious; Disease; 80 | ||||
Abstract  |
Large carnivores are of vital importance to the stability and integrity of most ecosystems, but recent declines in free-ranging populations have highlighted the potentially devastating effect of infectious diseases on their conservation. We reviewed the literature on infectious diseases of 34 large (maximum body mass of adults >20 kg) terrestrial carnivore species, 18 of which are considered to be threatened in the wild, and examined reports of antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) and cases of infection, mortality and population decline. Of 52 diseases examined, 44% were viral, 31% bacterial and the remainder were protozoal or fungal. Many infections were endemic in carnivores and/or infected multiple taxonomic families, with the majority probably occurring via inhalation or ingestion. Most disease studies consisted of serological surveys for disease antibodies, and antibody detection tended to be widespread implying that exposure to micro-organisms was common. Seroprevalence was higher in tropical than temperate areas, and marginally higher for infections known to occur in multiple carnivore groups. Confirmation of active infection via micro-organism recovery was less common for ursids than other taxonomic groups. Published descriptions of disease-induced population decline or extinction were rare, and most outbreaks were allegedly the result of direct transmission of rabies or canine distemper virus (CDV) from abundant carnivore species to less-common large carnivores. We conclude that the threat of disease epidemics in large carnivores may be serious if otherwise lethal infections are endemic in reservoir hosts and transmitted horizontally among taxa. To prevent or mitigate future population declines, research efforts should be aimed at identifying both the diseases of potential importance to large carnivores and the ecological conditions associated with their spread and severity. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 356 | Serial | 708 | ||
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| Author | The Snow Leopard Conservancy | ||||
| Title | A Learning Tour of the CBN (Corbett, Nainital and Binsar) Eco-tourism Initiative Sites by Villagers from Hemis National Park and the Surrounding Area (18-28th November 2002) | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | SLC Field Document Series No 5 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Ladakh; Himalayas; Himalaya; Karakoram; mountains; mountain; landscape; tourists; trans-himalayan; transhimalayan; biodiversity; home; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; tourism; number; ecotourism; 80; conservation; traditional; local; community; Culture; income; people; leh; travel; rural; Snow Leopard Conservancy; ecotourism activities; ecotourism-activities; activities; activity; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; livelihood; loss; livestock; Animals; Animal; local people; NGO's; eco-tourism; villagers; area | ||||
| Abstract |
Ladakh lies between the Great Himalayas and the formidable Karakoram mountains. Its unique landscape and rich cultural heritage have been a great attraction to tourists all over the world. Apart from its uniqueness it has a rich Trans-Himalayan bio-diversity and is home to the rare and elusive snow leopard. It opened to tourism in 1974 with a handful of tourists and has gone up to the present number of about 18,000 visitors annually. Ecotourism started in Ladakh in mid 80s in the form of conservation of traditional architecture when local communities realized the importance of their rich culture and traditions being valued by the visiting tourists. However, while tourism became a major source of income to people in Leh, most of the benefits stayed with outside (Delhi) based travel agents thus leaving out the rural masses. During the last three years Snow Leopard Conservancy and The Mountain Institute have been initiating ecotourism activities with local communities in the Hemis National Park as an alternate livelihood and an indirect way to compensate losses of livestock from predatory animals. However, local people while venturing into such new initiatives have tended to be like blind men that are being led by NGO's so that they do not stumble along their paths. |
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Leh, Ladakh, India | Editor | Wangchuk, R.; Dadul, J. | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1025 | Serial | 963 | ||
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| Author | Sokolov V.E. | ||||
| Title | The Chatkal nature reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 301-302 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; Cahtkal nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; mammals; snow leopard.; 8280; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It provides general information about the Chatkal nature reserve (Uzbekistan), its physico-geographical features, and description of flora and fauna. Fauna of vertebrate animals includes four fishes, two amphibians, 11 reptiles, 176 birds, and 33 mammals. The typical mammals of the nature reserve are fox and badger. Sometimes, steppe cat can be met too. Snow leopard and marbled polecat are seen rarely. Brown bear is quite widely distributed. Ungulates such as wild boar and ibex are widely distributed in the nature reserve. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 806 | Serial | 911 | ||
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| Author | Zhiryakov V.A. | ||||
| Title | The Almaty nature reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 102-114 | ||
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; snow leopard; number.; 8800; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It provides general information about the Almatya nature reserve (Kazakhstan), its physico-geographical features and description of flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabits alpine zone and goes down as low as forest-meadow zone following ibex in winter. There are two or three families of snow leopard in the nature reserve. The population of ibex is 600 700 animals. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 857 | Serial | 1086 | ||
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| Author | Razmakhnin V.E. | ||||
| Title | Siberian wild ibex | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 164-175 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; Siberian wild ibex; biology; distribution; number; variability; behavior; predators; snow leopard.; 8050; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It provides a detailed description of biology, distribution, geographic variability, behavior, and locomotion features of ibex in the USSR. Its population was defined as 100,000 animals, main enemies being wolf, snow leopard, and golden eagle. Wolf mainly preys on ibex at the end of winter; old males, weakened during the heat mostly becoming a prey. Snow leopards prey on ibexes all year round. Golden eagles mostly prey on young ibexes. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ungulates. Rare animals of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 783 | Serial | 810 | ||
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| Author | Allayarov A.M. | ||||
| Title | Materials on geographical distribution of wild cats in Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1963 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 15-16 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; Felidae; distribution; habitats; snow leopard.; 5980; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It describes the distribution and habitats of eight Felidae species in Uzbekistan, such as snow leopard, leopard, lynx, caracal, chaus, manul, sand cat, and steppe cat. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of third all-Union meeting on zoogeography of land. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 577 | Serial | 64 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev E. | ||||
| Title | What has happened to the snow leopard after the break-up of Soviet Union? | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 4 (19) | Issue | Pages | 72 | |
| Keywords | Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7280; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It describes status of snow leopard in republics of the former Soviet Union, main reasons for poaching and negative and positive experience on species conservation. The total number of snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the 1980's was at least 1200-1400. In Kazakhstan the snow leopard population totaled 180-200, in Uzbekistan around 100, and in Russia 150-200. The number and natural habitat of the species were in universal decline. Losses in Kyrgyzstan from poaching alone were no less than 30 animals per year in 1960-1980's. During this period the population in this area decreased by half, and the natural habitat by one third. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, poaching of the snow leopard and its pray grew by at least a factor of 3-4. It was estimated that 500-600 animals reduced the Kyrgyz snow leopard population in the 1990's. The population that remains today can barely be more than 150-200 individual snow leopards. The population has been physically decimated. Number of snow leopard in existence today in the former Soviet Union does not exceed 700-900 individual animals. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature conservation Journal. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 706 | Serial | 556 | ||
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| Author | Rashek V.A. | ||||
| Title | The Chatkal State nature reserve. Aksu Jabagly nature reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 157-161 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Chatkal nature reserve; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; landscape; flora; fauna; birds; mammals; rare species; snow leopard.; 8040; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It describes history of the Chatkal and Aksu Jabagly nature reserves' establishment and provides data concerning hydrography, soils, climate, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna, and main aspects of scientific work. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 782 | Serial | 806 | ||
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| Author | Yachontov A.A. | ||||
| Title | The cats – Felidae | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1970 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 277-280 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; Felidae; snow leopard; identification features; life-history; habitats; diet; distribution.; 8580; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It describes Felidae family species (lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, lynx, cheetah): identification features, life-history characteristics, type of habitat, diet and distribution. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoology for teacher. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 835 | Serial | 1042 | ||
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| Author | Ishunin G.I. | ||||
| Title | Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778 | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1961 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. 3. | Issue | Pages | 127-131 | |
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian | ||||
| Abstract |
It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates). | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 666 | Serial | 412 | ||
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