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Author Chichikin Yu.N.
Title Ways to enrich game fauna of Kyrgyzstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1968 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 33-39
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; game species; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 6450; Russian
Abstract (down) In Kyrgyzstan, there are 106 mammal and 111 bird species. 40 mammal and 70 bird species are game ones. Resources of some of them were undermined due to over-hunting. Moral, goitered gazelle, pheasant have disappeared; argali, roe deer, and wild boar have become not numerous. In order to protect game fauna and regulate hunting of wild animals, hunting was prohibited at lake Issyk-Kul (1948); hunting for moral, goitered gazelle, swan, bar-headed goose, pheasant, snow leopard, bear, and argali was prohibited too (1952, 1956 and 1958).
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Love and protect nature of Kyrgyzstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 623 Serial 218
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Author Aizin B.M.
Title Distribution, number and seasonal behavioral patterns of Panthera uncia Scheber in Kyrgyzstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 1. Issue Pages 19-20
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5900; Russian
Abstract (down) In Kyrgyzstan, snow leopard can be met almost in all mountain ridges (Kok-Kiya, Atbasha, Kyrgyz, Terskey, Kungei, Talas, Chatkal, Alai, Zaalai), where it keeps to alpine meadow, woodless rock and snowfield zones. The number of snow leopard does not exceed 1,500 animals. Seven to 10 animals are annually caught for the needs of zoo-export.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the 1st international congress on mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 569 Serial 45
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Author Yanushevich A.I.
Title Status of hunting industry in Kyrgyzstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part. II. Issue Pages 110-113
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; game species; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 8600; Russian
Abstract (down) In Kyrgyz SSR, there are 26 fur animal species, including three acclimatized, six wild ungulate and 70 bird species. They all can serve as objects of commercial and sport hunting. 56 snow leopards, 120 wild boars, 96 roe-deers, 121 ibexes, and 14 argalis were caught 1962 1967. A majority of the animals were exported from the country. The Kyrgyz SSR is one of the main suppliers of snow leopards, hunting for which for the sake of its fur-skin is prohibited.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of conference “Capacity and production of game preserves in the USSR”. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 837 Serial 1053
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Author Strautman Ye.I.Bekenov A.
Title Rare and endangered vertebrate animas of Kazakhstan, and their protection Type Miscellaneous
Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 33-34
Keywords Kazakhstan; Red Data book; conservation measures; extinction risk; endangered species; snow leopard; protected areas.; 8330; Russian
Abstract (down) In Kazakhstan, there are 158 mammal species, 485 bird species, 52 reptile and 12 amphibian species, and about 150 fish species, of which 31 mammal species, 43 bird species, eight reptile, one amphibian and four fish species need protection. Snow leopard is referred to endangered species. Six nature reserves and 43 preserves have been established to protect rare and endangered animal and plant species in Kazakhstan.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 811 Serial 940
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Author Kovshar A.F.
Title Mammal – Mammalia Type Miscellaneous
Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 154
Keywords Kazakhstan; mammals; snow leopard.; 7410; Russian
Abstract (down) In Kazakhstan 160 species of mammal are inhabited. The snow leopard is rare and poor known inhabitant of highly mountain regions of republic.
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Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Kazakhstan in photos. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 719 Serial 588
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Author Jackson, R.
Title Pakistan's Community-based Trophy Hunting Programs and Their Relationship to Snow Leopard Conservation Type Manuscript
Year 2004 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Pakistan; community-based; hunting; programs; program; Relationship; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; network
Abstract (down) In June-July 2004, the Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) recently conducted field visits to three important snow leopard sites in Pakistan's Northern Areas: Hushey and Skoyo villages in Baltistan and the Khunjerab Village Organization (KVO) in Gojal. The purpose was to launch environmentally appropriate small-scale, village-based conservation and depredation alleviation initiatives aimed at protecting snow leopards, prey species, their habitats and associated mountain biodiversity, while benefiting humans at the same time.
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Notes For consideration by The Snow Leopard Network (SLN) Committee on Position Statements Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1024 Serial 472
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Author Alexander, J. S., Cusack, J. J., Pengju, C, Kun, S., Riordan, P.
Title Conservation of snow leopards: spill-over benefits for other carnivores? Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Fauna & Flora International Pages 1-5
Keywords China, conservation, Eurasian lynx, grey wolf, red fox, snow leopard
Abstract (down) In high-altitude settings of Central Asia the

Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia has been recognized

as a potential umbrella species. As a first step in assessing

the potential benefits of snow leopard conservation for

other carnivores, we sought a better understanding of the

presence of other carnivores in areas occupied by snow leopards

in China’s Qilianshan National Nature Reserve. We

used camera-trap and sign surveys to examine whether

other carnivores were using the same travel routes as snow

leopards at two spatial scales. We also considered temporal

interactions between species. Our results confirm that other

carnivores, including the red fox Vulpes vulpes, grey wolf

Canis lupus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and dhole Cuon alpinus,

occur along snow leopard travel routes, albeit with low detection

rates. Even at the smaller scale of our camera trap survey

all five carnivores (snow leopard, lynx, wolf, red fox and

dhole) were observed. Kernel density estimates suggested a

high degree of temporal overlap between the snow leopard

and the fox, and the snow leopard and the lynx, as indicated

by high overlap coefficient estimates. There is an opportunity

to consider protective measures at the local scale that would

benefit various species simultaneously. However, it should

also be recognized that snow leopard conservation efforts

could exacerbate human–wildlife conflicts through their protective

effect on other carnivore species.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1434
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Author Kashkadarinskaya Pravda Newspaper.
Title Snow leopard goes to Frunze Type Miscellaneous
Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 79 (26-11) Issue Pages
Keywords Uzbekistan; Alatoo mountain; Karakol gorge; snow leopard; catching; Zoo.; 7130; Russian
Abstract (down) In canyon Karakol of the Alatoo ridge, a snow leopard was caught for a zoo of Frunze.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Newspaper Kashkadarinskaya Pravda. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 691 Serial 517
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Author Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association
Title Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 Type Manuscript
Year 2010 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology
Abstract (down) In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism,

zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as

reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial

operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd,

Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from

September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made

the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that

administrative units have been increased and territories of

administrative units have been diminished. There have been four

provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation

limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than

ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert.

Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of

species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in

banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum,

Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing

in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently

necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures

into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across

hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression.

Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national

cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's

Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of

cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of

Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify

popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of

agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central

Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December

16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of

1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 %

of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals

amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total

animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article

mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in

Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such

number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into

five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult

animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally

in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food

of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main

nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the

soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of

secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of

ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt

one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for

domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big

game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and

hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting.

Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give

prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly

it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15

USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially

picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow

leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack

domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of

ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting

wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't

consider it had been right since it was natural event. However

population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought

and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has

never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million

heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in

its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of

domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild

animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards

correctly with low costs.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1100 Serial 705
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Author Sosnovskiy I.P.
Title Snow leopard or irbis Type Miscellaneous
Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 106-110
Keywords Ussr; Red Data book; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8310; Russian
Abstract (down) In a popular form, it tells about rare vertebrate animals included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, their biology, behavioral patterns, threats and measures being taken to protect them. Total number of snow leopard in the USSR is defined as 2,000 animals. 200 snow leopards live in zoos throughout the world. The animals successfully reproduce themselves in the Moscow, Kaunas, and Alma-Ata zoos. Snow leopard's maximum life expectancy in enclosures is 22 years.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals: leafing through the Red Data Book of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 809 Serial 917
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