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Kolmstetter, C.; Munson, L.; Ramsay, E.C. |
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Title |
Degenerative spinal disease in large felids |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
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J Zoo Wildl Med |
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31 |
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1 |
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15-19 |
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Age-Factors; Animal; Animals; zoo; Autopsy; veterinary; Carnivora; Female; Lions; Male; Age; factor; browse; 110 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Degenerative spinal disorders, including intervertebral disc disease and spondylosis, seldom occur in domestic cats. In contrast, a retrospective study of 13 lions (Panthera leo), 16 tigers (Panthera tigris), 4 leopards (Panthera pardis), 1 snow leopard (Panthera uncia), and 3 jaguars (Panthera onca) from the Knoxville Zoo that died or were euthanatized from 1976 to 1996 indicated that degenerative spinal disease is an important problem in large nondomestic felids. The medical record, radiographic data, and the necropsy report of each animal were examined for evidence of intervertebral disc disease or spondylosis. Eight (three lions, four tigers, and one leopard) animals were diagnosed with degenerative spinal disease. Clinical signs included progressively decreased activity, moderate to severe rear limb muscle atrophy, chronic intermittent rear limb paresis, and ataxia. The age at onset of clinical signs was 10-19 yr (median = 18 yr). Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column was useful in assessing the severity of spinal lesions, and results were correlated with necropsy findings. Lesions were frequently multifocal, included intervertebral disc mineralization or herniation with collapsed intervertebral disc spaces, and were most common in the lumbar area but also involved cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Marked spondylosis was present in the cats with intervertebral disc disease, presumably subsequent to vertebral instability. Six of the animals' spinal cords were examined histologically, and five had acute or chronic damage to the spinal cord secondary to disc protrusion. Spinal disease should be suspected in geriatric large felids with decreased appetite or activity. Radiographic evaluation of the spinal column is the most useful method to assess the type and severity of spinal lesions. |
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1042-7260 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 384 |
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545 |
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Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M. |
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Title |
Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
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Int.Zoo Yearbook |
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15 |
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212-217 |
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breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois. |
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SLN @ rana @ 31 |
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535 |
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Author |
Pokrovski, V.S. |
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Title |
The Snow Leopard Large Predators |
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Book Whole |
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1976 |
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Soviet-Union; Russia; Ussr; behavior; ecology; captivity; zoo; zoos; distribution; conservation; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2590 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Detailed review of snow leopard distribution and abundance, behavior, ecology,captive population and conservation measures in the Soviet Union. Estimates a snow leopard population of 300 +/- 150. |
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Moscow |
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SLN @ rana @ 35 |
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778 |
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Author |
Freeman, H. |
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Title |
Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) |
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1983 |
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Zoo Biology |
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2 |
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1 |
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1-22 |
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behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 60 |
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319 |
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Author |
Bobrinskiy N.A. |
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Title |
The mountains of Central Asia |
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Miscellaneous |
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1951 |
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382 |
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Central Asia; zoogeography; mountain fauna; snow leopard.; 6320; Russian |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Given is a general characteristic of fauna complexes in the mountains of Central Asia (Jungar Ala-Tau, Tien Shan, Hissar Alai, Kopet-Dag), peculiarities of animal distribution in association with folded mountain relief, vertical zoning, anthropogenic influence and importance of mountain fauna for human beings. It provides a description of main animal groups and is an effort of zoning fauna of the mountains of Central Asia. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Geography of animals (a course of zoogeography). |
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SLN @ rana @ 610 |
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179 |
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Author |
Jalanka, H.H. |
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Medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations and atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: A clinical, physiological and comparative study |
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1991 |
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Dep.Clinical Sciences, Coll.Veterinary Med., Helsinki, Finland |
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taxonomy; phylogeny; Panthera-uncia; tranquilizers; zoo-management; physiology; veterinary; medical; medicine; zoo; zoos; browse; panthera; uncia; zoo management; management; 1460 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Hibiscus section Furcaria is composed of over 400 species. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) belong to this section. Both species are important fiber crops. The survey reported in this book was undertaken in order to find new sources of genetic diversity collect, save, and distribute germ plasm. The work contains a taxonomic key of section Furcaria in southern Africa, 8 species, a description of the species illustrated by line-drawings, and distribution maps. (Also discussed are; H. mechowii, H. meeusei, H. surattensis, H. acetosella, H. torrei, H. mastersianus, H. hiernianus, H. altissimus, H. diversifolius sub sp. rivularis.) |
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BK: Jalanka, H. H. Medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations and atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: A clinical, physiological and comparative study. 282p
Document Type: English. |
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SLN @ rana @ 177 |
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487 |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
The Development of the Captive Snow Leopard Population between 1984-1985 |
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1988 |
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181-189 |
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zoos; zoo; captivity; breeding; status; population; husbandry; captive; browse; 1760 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In 1984, 73 (31/41/1) cubs were born of which 47 (24/23) survived for six months or longer. This gives us a cub mortality of 35.6%. A total of 38 (11/26/1) snow leopards died in captivity in 1984. Five (2/3) specimens were wild caught at the same time in the USSR and then located in the zoos of ALma-Ata, Moscow and Novosibirsk. At the End of 1984, the captive stock consisted of 332 (168/164) snow leopards, an increase of forty animals from the previous year. |
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International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
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India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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SLN @ rana @ 106 |
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161 |
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Kashkadarinskaya Pravda Newspaper. |
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Title |
Snow leopard goes to Frunze |
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Miscellaneous |
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1983 |
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79 (26-11) |
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Uzbekistan; Alatoo mountain; Karakol gorge; snow leopard; catching; Zoo.; 7130; Russian |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In canyon Karakol of the Alatoo ridge, a snow leopard was caught for a zoo of Frunze. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Newspaper Kashkadarinskaya Pravda. |
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SLN @ rana @ 691 |
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517 |
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Batyrov A.R. |
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Title |
Game mammals of Uzbekistan and its change at the late Quaternary |
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Miscellaneous |
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1987 |
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11-16 |
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Uzbekistan; paleozoology; mammals; snow leopard.; 6190; Russian |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In the process of archeo-zoological investigations in Uzbekistan bones of 81 mammals species were found. Some of them, mainly large mammals are not living here currently. Age of found bones of snow leopard correspond with early and late Holocene. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game mammals of Uzbekistan at the Holocene (by materials of archeological dig). |
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SLN @ rana @ 597 |
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123 |
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Machado, C.; Brown, P.; Turner, R. |
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Title |
Dental crown restorations on a snow leopard |
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1984 |
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Journal Of Zoo Animal Medicine |
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15 |
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4 |
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146-150 |
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dentistry; veterinary; medical; medicine; zoo; zoos; captivity; browse; 1560 |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
In the spring of 1983 the San Francisco Zoo received a female snow leopard (Panthera uncia) as part of an exotic animal exchange program with the People's Republic of China. Upon examination, it was found that this nine-yea old, seventy-five pound, wild-trapped animal had sustained considerable dental injuries, including fractures of all maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. The purpose of this paper is to describe the dental procedures undertaken to restore the physiological function of all four canines. |
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Addresses:MACHADO C, SAN FRANCISCO ZOO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 74 |
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633 |
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