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Author | Jamtsho, Y., Katel, O. | ||||
Title | Livestock depredation by snow leopard and Tibetan wolf: Implications for herders� livelihoods in Wangchuck Centennial National Park, Bhutan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Springer Open | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 9:1 | Pages | 1-10 | |
Keywords | Wildlife-livestock conflicts, Endangered predators, Protected area, Income loss | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a serious problem in many parts of the world, and Bhutan�s Wangchuck Centennial National Park (WCNP) is no exception. Located in the remote alpine areas of the eastern Himalaya, wildlife species such as snow leopard (SL) and Tibetan wolf (TW) are reported to kill livestock in many parts of the Park. Such depredation is believed to have affected the livelihoods of high-altitude herding communities, resulting in conflicts between them. This study provides analysis on the extent of livestock depredation by wildlife predators such as SL and TW and examines its implications for the livelihoods of herding communities of Choekhortoe and Dhur regions of WCNP. Using semi-structured questionnaires, all herders (n = 38) in the study area were interviewed. The questions pertained to livestock population, frequency of depredation and income lost due to depredation in the last five years from 2012 to 2016. This study recorded 2,815 livestock heads in the study area, with an average herd size of 74.1 stock. The average herd size holding showed a decreasing trend over the years, and one of the reasons cited by the herders is depredation by SL and TW and other predators. This loss equated to an average annual financial loss equivalent to 10.2% (US$837) of their total per capita cash income. Such losses have resulted in negative impacts on herders� livelihood; e.g. six herders (2012-2016) even stopped rearing livestock and resorted to an alternate source of cash income. The livestock intensification programmes, including pasture improvement through allowing controlled burning, and financial compensation, may be some potential short-term solutions to reduce conflict between herders and predators. Issuing permits for cordyceps (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) collection only to the herders and instilling the sense of stewardship to highland herders may be one of the long-term solutions. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1479 | ||
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Author | The Snow Leopard Conservancy | ||||
Title | A Survey of Kathmandu-based Trekking Agencies: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopard in the Annapurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | SLC Field Series Document No. 4 | Issue | Pages | 1-22 | |
Keywords | survey; trekking; linking; community-based; ecotourism; conservation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; annapurna; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; area; Report; trust; nature; nature conservation; Acap; Snow Leopard Conservancy; project; Manang; local; community; environment; Culture; population; number; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; endangered; cat; prey; Himalaya; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; kill; livestock; killing; herders; herder; conflict; local people; people; wildlife; tourism; incentive; protect; predator; conserve; alpine; habitat | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
In 2001 the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC), Annapurna Conservation Area (ACAP), Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) and WWF-Nepal initiated a collaborative project aimed at enhancing ecotourism in the Manang area, in ways that strengthen benefits to local communities while also protecting the environment and the local culture. Manang is known for its relatively dense snow leopard population, along with supporting good numbers of blue sheep, the endangered cat's principal prey through much of the Himalaya. However, snow leopards periodically kill many livestock, leading to retributive killing by herders along with other associated people-wildlife conflict. In order to encourage the local people to better co-exist with snow leopards and other wildlife, SLC, WWF-Nepal and ACAP agreed to explore ways of providing tourism benefits to local communities as an incentive to protect this rare predator and conserve its alpine habitat. Key in this regard is the possibility of developing locally guided nature treks, and accordingly, this survey was conducted in order to assess existing market opportunities and constraints to such ecotourism enterprise. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Los Gatos, California | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1022 | Serial | 962 | ||
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Author | Strautman Ye.I.Bekenov A. | ||||
Title | Rare and endangered vertebrate animas of Kazakhstan, and their protection | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1978 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 33-34 | ||
Keywords | Kazakhstan; Red Data book; conservation measures; extinction risk; endangered species; snow leopard; protected areas.; 8330; Russian | ||||
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In Kazakhstan, there are 158 mammal species, 485 bird species, 52 reptile and 12 amphibian species, and about 150 fish species, of which 31 mammal species, 43 bird species, eight reptile, one amphibian and four fish species need protection. Snow leopard is referred to endangered species. Six nature reserves and 43 preserves have been established to protect rare and endangered animal and plant species in Kazakhstan. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 811 | Serial | 940 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Community Participation: Tools and Examples | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | ||
Keywords | community; workshop; wildlife; India; us; Himalayan; biodiversity; project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; management; planning; trans-himalayan; transhimalayan; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; 2000; leh; Ladakh | ||||
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In response to dwindling wildlife populations and habitat, governments established national parks and protected areas, often with little input from people living in the immediate area. In some cases communities were relocated, but in most they are left to pursue traditional agricultural and pastoral livelihoods under a new set of rules. Important questions of land tenure remained unresolved, with a “fences and fines” approach to protected area management (Stolton and Dudley 1999). | ||||
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Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | Management Planning Workshop for the Trans-Himalayan Protected Areas, 25-29 August, 2000, Leh, Ladak | ||
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Notes | Workshop sponsored by the Wildlife Institute of India, US Fish and Wildlife Service Himalayan Biodiversity project, andInternational Snow Leopard Trust | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1020 | Serial | 467 | ||
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Author | Sokov A.I. | ||||
Title | Environmental prerequisites for protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals in Tajikistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Vol. 3. | Issue | Pages | 27-29 | |
Keywords | Tajikistan; Red Data book; rare species; carnivores; large predators; brown bear; hyena; tiger; leopard; Lynx; snow leopard; decline; protection; sustainable use.; 8220; Russian | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
In Tajikistan it is necessary to preserve big predators listed in the Red Book, such as Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Hyaena hyaena, Felis lynx isabellina, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica. An anthropogenic influence has resulted in the species' habitat shrinkage, deficit of food, disturbance of trophic interactions. It is necessary to restore a tiger population in the Tigrovaya Balka nature reserve, and resolve the issue of protection and sustainable use of commercial predatory species. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of IV Congress of all-Union mammalists' society. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 800 | Serial | 913 | ||
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Author | Heiz A.V. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and its protection | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1983 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 92-93 | |
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; number; decline; mountain ungulates; livestock; hunting; propaganda; protection.; 6870; Russian | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
In the year 1970, the quantity of snow leopards in Kyrgyzstan was defined as 1,300 animals, while in the years to follow 1,600 animals were recorded. A snow leopard population has significantly decreased since recently because of intense extermination of snow leopard's prey ungulates, particularly ibex. In some areas of the Kyrgyz ridge livestock is growing in number thus affecting snow leopard population. It is extremely rare that snow leopard would attack livestock. Snow leopards can be caught under special license. Educational and awareness work among shepherds and hunters residing in the mountainous area of the country needs to be improved. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammal species of the USSR and their protection. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 665 | Serial | 380 | ||
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Author | Esipov A.V. | ||||
Title | Measure for snow leopard protection in Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1985 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 30-32 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; distribution; number; threats; protection.; 6620; Russian | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
In Uzbekistan, snow leopard (Uncia uncia Schreber, 1776) is met in the mountain ridges of Tien Shan (Karjantau, Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, and possibly Kurama ridges) and Alay (Turkistan, Zaravshan, Gissar, and Baisuntau ridges). There are about 50 snow leopards there. They are observed to decrease in number for the reasons as follows: extensive use of alpine pastures, tourist activity and poaching. Irbis is under protection in the Chatkal, Zaamin, and Gissar nature reserves and Zaamin people's park. An additional measure to be taken to protect this species is to expand the area of the Chatkal nature reserve, to better fight against poaching activity and advocate snow leopard protection in mass media. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology of rare and endangered mammals in south Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 640 | Serial | 260 | ||
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Author | Ishunin G.I. | ||||
Title | Protected areas and waters of Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1979 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 49-63 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; protected areas; snow leopard; territorial protection.; 6900; Russian | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
In Uzbekistan, there is a network of protected areas of land and water, consisting of 11 nature reserves (163,780 ha) and nine sanctuaries (217,837 ha). Five or six new protected natural areas with a total area of 220,000 250,000 ha are recommended to be established. The further development of the network will help preserve typical natural complexes, having scientific, practical and cultural value. When selecting an area for protection it is needed to cover overall diversity of natural landscapes including relief, soils, waters, vegetation and animals. Snow leopard is protected in the Chatkal, Zaamin, Kizilsu, and Miraka nature reserves. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunter and Fisherman of Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 668 | Serial | 414 | ||
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Author | Golub O.N. | ||||
Title | Perspective protection of rare mammal species in the nature reserves of Tajikistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1983 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 9-10 | ||
Keywords | Tajikistan; snow leopard; ibex; protection.; 6780; Russian | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
In winter, some seven to 14 snow leopards come into the nature reserve “Ramit” when chasing ibex within their winter habitats. The nature reserve is yet the only remaining place for ibexes to winter in eastern part of the Gissar ridge. Some 150 200 ibexes winter in the nature reserve. The nature reserve should be extended towards highlands in order to protect snow leopards. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of III All-Union conference. Rare mammal species and their protection. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 656 | Serial | 338 | ||
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Author | Blomqvist, L.; Dexel, B. | ||||
Title | In Focus: Declining numbers of wild snow leopards | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | EAZA Zoo News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 26-27 | ||
Keywords | asia; Cites; conflict; habitat loss; herder; laws; poaching; protection; snow leopard; threat; trade; Uncia uncia | ||||
Abstract ![]() |
International collaboration to ensure the long-term survival of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the wild is today more acutely needed than ever! Trade in live snow leopards, their skins and bones, has during the last decade reached such extensiveness that the species is in danger of being wiped out from many of its former habitats. All recent surveys support declining populations throughout most of their range. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 887 | Serial | 172 | ||
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