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Author Johansson, O., Samelius, G., Wikberg, E, Chapron, G., Mishra, C., Low, M url 
  Title Identification errors in camera- trap studies result in systematic population overestimation Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Scientific Reports Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue 6393 Pages 1-10  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Reliable assessments of animal abundance are key for successful conservation of endangered species. For elusive animals with individually-unique markings, camera-trap surveys are a benchmark standard for estimating local and global population abundance. Central to the reliability of resulting abundance estimates is the assumption that individuals are accurately identified from photographic captures. To quantify the risk of individual misidentification and its impact on population abundance estimates we performed an experiment under controlled conditions in which 16 captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were camera-trapped on 40 occasions and eight observers independently identified individuals and recaptures. Observers misclassified 12.5% of all capture occasions, resulting in systematically inflated population abundance estimates on average by one third (mean ± SD = 35 ± 21%). Our results show that identifying individually-unique individuals from camera-trap photos may not be as reliable as previously believed, implying that elusive and endangered species could be less abundant than current estimates indicate.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1496  
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Author Atzeni, L., Cushman, S. A., Bai, D., Wang, J., Chen, P., Shi, K., Riordan, P. url 
  Title Meta-replication, sampling bias, and multi-scale model selection: A case study on snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in western China. Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-27  
  Keywords MaxEnt, meta-replication, multi-scale, Panthera uncia, sampling bias, scale selection, snow leopard, species distribution model  
  Abstract (up) Replicated multiple scale species distribution models (SDMs)

have become increasingly important to identify the correct variables

determining species distribution and their influences on ecological

responses. This study explores multi-scale habitat relationships of the

snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in two study areas on the Qinghai–Tibetan

Plateau of western China. Our primary objectives were to evaluate the

degree to which snow leopard habitat relationships, expressed by

predictors, scales of response, and magnitude of effects, were

consistent across study areas or locally landcape-specific. We coupled

univariate scale optimization and the maximum entropy algorithm to

produce multivariate SDMs, inferring the relative suitability for the

species by ensembling top performing models. We optimized the SDMs based

on average omission rate across the top models and ensembles’ overlap

with a simulated reference model. Comparison of SDMs in the two study

areas highlighted landscape-specific responses to limiting factors.

These were dependent on the effects of the hydrological network,

anthropogenic features, topographic complexity, and the heterogeneity of

the landcover patch mosaic. Overall, even accounting for specific local

differences, we found general landscape attributes associated with snow

leopard ecological requirements, consisting of a positive association

with uplands and ridges, aggregated low-contrast landscapes, and large

extents of grassy and herbaceous vegetation. As a means to evaluate the

performance of two bias correction methods, we explored their effects on

three datasets showing a range of bias intensities. The performance of

corrections depends on the bias intensity; however, density kernels

offered a reliable correction strategy under all circumstances. This

study reveals the multi-scale response of snow leopards to environmental

attributes and confirms the role of meta-replicated study designs for

the identification of spatially varying limiting factors. Furthermore,

this study makes important contributions to the ongoing discussion about

the best approaches for sampling bias correction.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1616  
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Author Mallon, D. url 
  Title The snow leopard in Ladakh Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue Pages 23-37  
  Keywords Ladakh; India; livestock; herders; tracking; tracks; surveys; sign; distribution; predator; prey; herder; mortality; conservation; status; browse; 2380  
  Abstract (up) Reports on 1 summer survey and four winter surveys covering some 3100 km in Ladakh, India. Reports on snow leopard sign commonly found, distribution, prey, attacks on livestock and peoples reaction, mortality factors and conservation status. Suggest recomendations for preventing unnecessary killing of snow leopards and estimates population of 100 to 200 snow leopards in Ladakh  
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  Notes Full text available at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 78 Serial 642  
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Author Koshkarev, E.P. url 
  Title Characteristics of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) movements in the Tien Shan Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue Pages 15-21  
  Keywords Tien-Shan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; behavior; habitat; tracks; tracking; prey; predator; ibex; kills; browse; tien shan; soviet union; soviet; union; 2750  
  Abstract (up) Reports on a 3 yr winter study of snow leopard movements and activity, based on following tracks in the snow in Tien Shan Mountains of USSR. Travel route preference is examined with regard to snow and terrain characteristics, and prey abundance. Snow leopard kills of ibex and hare are noted  
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  Notes Full text available at URL Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 403 Serial 570  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title Conservation Measurements taken for the Captive Snow Leopard, Panthera uncia, Population and a Report of Fluctuations in Stock in 1983 Type Journal Article
  Year 1984 Publication Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue Pages 55-71  
  Keywords captivity; zoo; zoos; status; breeding; reproduction; conservation; browse; 2920  
  Abstract (up) Reports on conservation measures over the past 10 years. Notes current snow leopard exchange programs between zoos in the US and USSR and Europe. Describes status and reproductive success of the captive snow leopard population, list animals currently in captivity.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 79 Serial 160  
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Author Fox, J.L. url 
  Title An ecological survey of the proposed Langtang National Park Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Langtang; park; parks; reserve; refuge; reserves; Nepal; protected-area; browse; protected; area; 2340  
  Abstract (up) Reports probable sighn of snow leopard at two high elevation points in the Langtang National Park  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes A report to the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Office, Kathmandu, Nepal. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 26 Serial 287  
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Author Rowell, G. url 
  Title China's Wildlife Lament Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication International Wildlife Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue 6 Pages 4-11  
  Keywords China; Qinghai; bounty; hunting; poaching; browse; 3200  
  Abstract (up) Reports sightings of snow leopard in Qinghai Province. One freshly killed; a 15 yuan bounty exists on snow leopards  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 75 Serial 833  
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Author McVittie, R. url 
  Title Nursing behavior of snow leopard cubs Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication Applied-Animal-Ethology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 159-168  
  Keywords suckling; behavior; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; browse; 1580  
  Abstract (up) Reports that a preliminary project on nursing behavior in 3 young snow leopards revealed 2 phases in suckling pattern: nonnutritive and nutritive. The latter was distinguished by stereotypic rhythmical movements of the ears associated with swallowing. The cubs also demonstrated a teat preference, but the adaptive significance of such preferences and the accompanying agonistic behavior were unclear. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned)  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 37 Serial 669  
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Author Osborne, B.C.; Mallon, D.P.; Fraser, S.J.R. url 
  Title Ladkh, threatened stronghold of rare Himalayan mammals Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 17 Issue Pages 182-189  
  Keywords Ladakh; India; pelt; coat; hunting; poaching; distribution; skin; livestock; herders; predator; prey; browse; 3290  
  Abstract (up) Reports the results of seven visits to Ladakh over past five years. The snow leopard occurs throughout Ladakh but is not common. Livestock are often taken in winter. At least five snow leopards were shot in the Suru Valley over the past five years. The pelt is worth about $350 in Srinagar.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 80 Serial 756  
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Author Alibekov L.A. url 
  Title Fauna Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 192-195  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; Jizak region; fauna; landscape; biotic factors; fishes; reptiles; birds; insects; mammals; snow leopard.; 5970; Russian  
  Abstract (up) Represented is fauna of big salt-marsh valleys and pre-Kyzylkum area, a tier of low desert foothill valleys, tiers of lowland ridges, deeply cut hillside midlands, and cold highlands of the watershed ridge-top tier in the Jizak region of Uzbekistan. The highest tier of the Jizak region, a habitat of snow leopard, Menzbier's marmot, Siberian ibex, sometimes wild Tajik sheep coming from the East, bear ascending from lower elevations, and wolf in summer, has the most adverse living conditions. Central Asia argali and stone marten inhabit in central part of the North Nurata ridge.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Natural conditions and resources of the Jizak region. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 576 Serial 60  
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