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Author Sayer, J.A. url 
  Title The conservation of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in Afghanistan Type Journal Article
  Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 55-61  
  Keywords Afghanistan; status; distribution; browse; 2490  
  Abstract (up) Outlines status and distribution as well as recent sightings of snow leopard in Afganastan  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 53 Serial 849  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Andriuskevicius, A. url 
  Title Occurrance of Snow Leopards in the Soviet Union Type Journal Article
  Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 59-69  
  Keywords 2290; area; areas; browse; distribution; park; parks; protected; protected-area; protected area; protected areas; refuge; reserve; reserves; Russia; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; soviet; Soviet-Union; soviet union; status; U.S.S.R.; union; Ussr  
  Abstract (up) Outlines status and distribution of snow leopard in USSR, including comments on reserves created for the species.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 51 Serial 73  
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Author Prakash, I. url 
  Title Asian predators of livestock Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Parasites, pests and predators.World animal science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume B2 Issue Pages 405-410  
  Keywords predators; asia; snow-leopard; livestock; status; prey; Panthera-uncia; distribution; predator; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 870  
  Abstract (up) Outlines the distribution, status and predatory behaviour on livestock of Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis, gharial Gavialis gangeticus and several species of Crocodylus and Python; and of wolf Canis lupus, Asiatic jackal C. aureus, dhole (Indian wild dog) Cuon alpinus, brown bear Ursus arctos, Asiatic black bear Selenarctos thibetanus, striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena, clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa, leopard (panther) Panthera pardus, tiger P. tigris, lion P. leo, snow leopard P. uncia, other Felidae and Viverridae. -P.J.Jarvis  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
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  Notes ED: Gaafar,-S.M.; et-al. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 84 Serial 791  
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Author Roth, T.L.; Armstrong, D.L.; Barrie, M.T.; Wildt, D.E. url 
  Title Seasonal effects on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotrophins and successful artificial insemination in the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Reprod Fertil Dev Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 285-295  
  Keywords Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; Blood; physiology; Estradiol; Female; Gonadotropins; administration; dosage; pharmacology; Chorionic; Equine; Human; Insemination; artificial; methods; veterinary; Laparoscopy; Male; Oocytes; cytology; Ovary; drug; effects; Ovulation; Induction; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Seasons; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 400  
  Abstract (up) Ovaries of the seasonally-breeding snow leopard (Uncia uncia) were examined to determine whether they were responsive to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. The potential of laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI) also was assessed for producing offspring. During the non-breeding, pre-breeding, breeding and post-breeding seasons, females (n = 20) were treated with a standardized, dual- hormone regimen given intramuscularly (600 I.U. of equine chorionic gonadotrophin followed 80-84 h later with 300 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)). Laparoscopy was performed 45-50 h after administration of hCG, and all ovarian structures were described. Females with fresh corpora lutea (CL) were inseminated, and anovulatory females were subjected to follicular aspiration to examine oocyte quality. Snow leopards responded to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. Mean number of total ovarian structures (distinct follicles mature in appearance plus CL) did not differ (P > or = 0.05) with season, but the proportion of CL: total ovarian structures was greater (P < 0.01) for the breeding season compared with all other seasons. The proportion of females ovulating was greater (P < 0.05) during the breeding and post-breeding seasons than during the pre-breeding and non- breeding seasons respectively. No Grade-1 quality oocytes were recovered from follicles of anovulatory females. Serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta appeared elevated in all females, and neither oestradiol-17 beta concentrations nor progesterone concentrations differed (P > or = 0.05) among seasons. Of 15 females artificially inseminated, the only one that was inseminated in the non-breeding season became pregnant and delivered a single cub. This is the first successful pregnancy resulting from AI in this endangered species.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1031-3613 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 325 Serial 830  
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Author Williams, N. url 
  Title 2008 International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards: Saving the Species Across its Range Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue Pages 33-34  
  Keywords Panthera, conference,Beijing, China, 2008, planning, Wildlife Conservation Society, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Network, Chinese Institute of Zoology  
  Abstract (up) Over 100 snow leopard experts, enthusiasts, and government officials gathered in the outskirts of Beijing, China from March 7–11, 2008 for the firstever International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards. Conference organizers included Panthera, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Snow Leopard Trust (SLT), Snow Leopard Network (SLN), and the Chinese Institute of Zoology.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1344  
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Author Bekenov A.B. url 
  Title Fauna of mammals in the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel” Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 83-87  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Altyn-Emel national park; mammals; endangered mammals; snow leopard.; 6230; Russian  
  Abstract (up) Over 80 mammal species, nine of which are included in the Red Data Book (stone marten, marbled polecat, otter, manul, snow leopard, dziggetai, argali, bear), inhabit the State National Nature Park “Altyn-Emel”.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 601 Serial 128  
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Author Manati, A.R. url 
  Title Fur trade of large cats and the question of the subspecies status of leopards in Afghanistan (Der Handel mit Fellen von Grosskatzen und die Abklärung der Unterartenfrage beim Type Book Whole
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 125  
  Keywords fur trade, genetics, leopard, Panthera pardus, snow leopard, subspecies, Uncia uncia  
  Abstract (up) Over a time of four years the bazars of Afghanistan were surveyed for furs of spotted wild cats, in particular leopards and snow leopards. In 2004 in Kabul a total of 28 furs of leopards were purchased by shopkeepers and 21 sold at an average price of 825 $. In the same year 25 furs of snow leopards were purchased and 19 sold to clients at an average price of 583 $. In 2006 at a single inspection double as many furs of leopards were found to be offered for sale in comparison to the whole year of 2004. Also prices had increased over the two years by 20 % to an average of 1037 $. Similarly the number of furs of snow leopards at 21 pieces was higher than in 2004, and the prices had increased to an average of 652 $. In 2007 investigations rendered more difficult, because the authorities had started to control the fur trade, and the results are not unequivocal. Clients were without any exception foreigners.

Surveys in 2004 in Mazar-e-Sharif, Kunduz, Takhar and Faiz Abad, in 2006 additionally in Baharak and Iskashem in the province of Badakhshan, revealed a regular trade in furs of spotted cats, however not as extensive as in Kabul. The most interesting finding was a fur of a cheetah in Mazar-e-Sharif, the first record of this species after 35 years.

From the surveys can be concluded that leopards still exist in the whole range of its distribution area in Afghanistan. However they don't allow any conclusion on the population size and its threat by hunting. In contrast to the leopard there exists a recent estimation of the population size of the snow leopard, saying that there are still 100 to 200 snow leopards living in Afghanistan. On the basis of these figures as well as the numbers of furs traded annually a Population and Habitat Viability Analysis was conducted. The result of this analysis is alarming. It has to be assumed that the snow leopard will be extinct in Afghanistan within the next ten years. To improve the protection of spotted cats in Afghanistan it needs both, a better implementation of the existing legislation as well as an awareness campaign among potential clients, i. e. foreigners living in Afghanistan.

The second part of this thesis deals with the question of subspecies of leopards in Afghanistan. Out of the 27 subspecies described four are believed to exist in Afghanistan. However, according to a molecularbiological revision of the species there occurs only one subspecies in Afghanistan, Panthera pardus saxicolor. To clarify the subspecies question various measures of furs had been taken in the bazars. The results revealed that the leopards in Afghanistan are the biggest of its species. However a further differentiation according to the area of origin within the country was not possible. Also the traditional differentiation on the basis of colours and patterns on the furs was not possible.

In contrast to the molecularbiological investigations published not only samples of zoo animals were available in this study but also samples from the wild. The own results confim that almost all leopards from Afghanistan and Iran belong to one and the same subspecies, P. p. saxicolor. Only in the most eastern part of Afghanistan, the Indian leopard, Panthera pardus fusca, can be found. The International Studbook for the Persian Leopard was analysed. The whole population derives from a few founder animals, which were imported in the midth fifties from Iran and in the late sixties from Afghanistan. To avoid inbreeding later on the Iranian and the Afghan lines were mixed. A female imported in 1968 from Kabul to Cologne is represented in each of the more than 100 today living animals.Mixing the two lines subsequently is justified by the genetic results of this study. Recently acquired animals from the Caucasus, however, should be tested genetically before integrating them into the zoo population.
 
  Address  
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  Publisher University of Köln Place of Publication Germany Editor  
  Language German Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1123  
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Author Formozov A.N. url 
  Title Tiger and snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1952 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 169 171  
  Keywords Ussr; big cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard.; 6710; Russian  
  Abstract (up) Over the last decades tiger, leopard and snow leopard were fully exterminated in many areas, where they formerly were common species and now became very rare ones. Few leopards can still be found in Caucasus, Copet-Dag (Turkmenistan) and south of Primorskiy krai. Irbis is remaining a common species only in the difficult-of-access highland areas of Tien Shan and very rare in the Altai. Tiger traces are sometimes found in the Amudarya river valley and in the taiga Sihote-Alinya in the Far East.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Pathfinder's companion. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 649 Serial 281  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Khan, J. url 
  Title Markets for Snow Leopards: Enviropreneur Snapshots Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication PERC Reports Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 26 Issue Pages 1-1  
  Keywords conservation; economic; incentives; income; protection; snow leopard; sustainable; wildlife  
  Abstract (up) Over the years, many conservation actions and practices to protect the snow leopard have been tried and tested. Those that have been successful and sustainable are programs that link economics with conservation. Some of these practices may not be appreciated by traditional conservationists, but no one can refute the success of these actions. The saying, “when it pays, it stays,” rings true with snow leopard conservation. Locals have realized that their income and prosperity are linked with the protection of wildlife. For conservation efforts to be effective, it is crucial to involve people who share the snow leopard's mountain environment and provide them with economic incentives for

enhancing and protecting the habitat.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Online publication: http://www.perc.org/articles/article1104.php Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 909 Serial 532  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hameed, S., Din, J. U., Ali, H., Kabir, M., Younas, M., Rehman, E. U., Bari, F., Hao, W., Bischof, R., Nawaz, M. A. url 
  Title Identifying priority landscapes for conservation of snow leopards in Pakistan Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Plos One Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-20  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (up) Pakistan’s total estimated snow leopard habitat is about

80,000 km2 of which about half is considered prime habitat. However,

this preliminary demarcation was not always in close agreement with the

actual distribution the discrepancy may be huge at the local and

regional level. Recent technological developments like camera trapping

and molecular genetics allow for collecting reliable presence records

that could be used to construct realistic species distribution based on

empirical data and advanced mathematical approaches like MaxEnt. The

current study followed this approach to construct an accurate

distribution of the species in Pakistan. Moreover, movement corridors,

among different landscapes, were also identified through circuit theory.

The probability of habitat suitability, generated from 98 presence

points and 11 environmental variables, scored the snow leopard’s assumed

range in Pakistan, from 0 to 0.97. A large portion of the known range

represented low-quality habitat, including areas in lower Chitral, Swat,

Astore, and Kashmir. Conversely, Khunjerab, Misgar, Chapursan, Qurumber,

Broghil, and Central Karakoram represented high-quality habitats.

Variables with higher contributions in the MaxEnt model were

precipitation during the driest month (34%), annual mean temperature

(19.5%), mean diurnal range of temperature (9.8%), annual precipitation

(9.4%), and river density (9.2). The model was validated through

receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots and defined thresholds.

The average test AUC in Maxent for the replicate runs was 0.933 while

the value of AUC by ROC curve calculated at 0.15 threshold was 1.00.

These validation tests suggested a good model fit and strong predictive

power. The connectivity analysis revealed that the population in the

Hindukush landscape appears to be more connected with the population in

Afghani- stan as compared to other populations in Pakistan. Similarly,

the Pamir-Karakoram population is better connected with China and

Tajikistan, while the Himalayan population was connected with the

population in India. Based on our findings we propose three model

landscapes to be considered under the Global Snow Leopard Ecosystem

Protection Program (GSLEP) agenda as regional priority areas, to

safeguard the future of the snow leopard in Pakistan and the region.

These landscapes fall within mountain ranges of the Himalaya, Hindu Kush

and Karakoram-Pamir, respectively. We also identified gaps in the

existing protected areas network and suggest new protected areas in

Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan to protect critical habitats of snow

leopard in Pakistan.
 
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1617  
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