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	Author	Esipov A.V.
	Title	Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1995	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	48-49
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; number; distribution; threats; conservation measures; snow leopard; 6600; Russian
	Abstract	There are two isolated snow leopard populations in Uzbekistan, both of which are located along the fringe of the species' distribution. These groups are the Pamir-Alai and the Tien-Shan, of which are united to snow leopard range in neighboring Tadjikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Apart from animals inhabiting the Hissar Nature Reserve, the Pamir-Alai population consists of animals inhabiting the upper portion of the Tupalang River basin and the mountains around Baisuntau. This population is currently estimated at about 30 individuals, from which as many as 10 individuals are reported to be killed or captured annually. However, we suspect the loss rate is more like five to eight individuals, with the entire Pamir-Alai group in Uzbekistan numbering 22 – 25 animals. The Tien-Shan snow leopard sub-population group of Uzbekistan occupies the high-mountain portions of practically all of the large ridges in the area, including Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam and Talass Alatau. The number of snow leopards harvested from this sub-population appears to be five or seven individuals, with the total number placed at 27-32 individuals. The major factors restricting snow leopard numbers in Uzbekistan appears to be poaching of both snow leopard and its large prey species like ibex, as well as disturbance associated with the intensive development of the alpine lands for pasturing livestock. In order to preserve the snow leopard in Uzbekistan it will be necessary to control and eliminate poaching. Additional habitat could be provided by expanding the Chatkal Nature Reserve by adding lands in the Shavassai River basin as well as Akbulak River basin.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 638			Serial	255
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	Author	Tokmergenov T.
	Title	Mammals of Sary Chelek nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	239-245
	Keywords	Kyrgyzstan; Sary Chelek nature reserve; mammals; status; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 8390; Russian
	Abstract	There are more than 40 species of mammals in Sary Chelek nature reserve, Kyrgyzstan. Brief characteristics of these species and their distribution. Also current status of important species, tendencies in number dynamic are presented. Snow leopard inhabited in alpine zone of Muz-Tor, Kara Toko, Kulatai, Alatai mountains. Total number is 2-3 individuals according data of 1997-2000.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan. Status and perspectives.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 817			Serial	967
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	Author	Vorobjov G.G.& Ostastshenko A.N.
	Title	*The winter distribution of the ibex (Capra sibirica)* and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Chatkal River Basin**			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	73-74
	Keywords	Kyrgyzstan; Chatlal valley; distribution; number; Siberian ibex; wild boar.; 8530; Russian
	Abstract	There are 3 independent groups of the ibex in the Chatkal River basin and 2 ones of the wild boar. Therefore the populations of these animals are vulnerable in wintertime. The wild sheep (Ivis …••Œ‹) wide distributed in Chatkal valley earlier has not been found out. Pskem population of ibex is assessed as 30 individuals, Chandalash population as 450 ibexes and Chatkal population is assessed less than 200 individuals. Number of wild boar in Pskem ridge is 200 individuals; total number of Chandalash population is 20-25 boars.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of Western Tien Shan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 830			Serial	993
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	Author	Pokrovskiy V.S.
	Title	Mammals			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1969	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	19-28
	Keywords	Ussr; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 7930; Russian
	Abstract	The work presents a preliminary list of rare and endangered predatory and ungulate species. Snow leopard inhabits the mountain ridges of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and sometimes is met in the Altai and Tuva. Despite its habitat has not changed since recently, number of snow leopard is decreasing. Snow leopard population is reducing because this species is believed to be dangerous, as its skin is of high and sustainable demand, and because of high prices zoos will readily pay to buy snow leopards. Shepherds, local hunters and geologists hunt snow leopard.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered mammal and bird species in the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 771			Serial	779
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	Author	Koshkarev, E.P.
	Title	On the environment-related stability of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) populations in connection with their distribution in the natural habitats and changes for spread within the USSR			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue		Pages	37-50
	Keywords	Tein-Shan; distribution; population; Ussr; former-soviet-republic; Russia; snow-leopard; Uncia-uncia; browse; former soviet republic; former; soviet; republic; uncia; 900
	Abstract	The stability of animal populations in respect of the influence of the environment is well known to be conditioned by their location in the natural habitat and their ability to establish new territories. In the peripheral regions of natural habitat, however-in the zone that is ecologically least favourable-the situation of the animal is most unstable. This is due to increased pressure of environmental factors which favour neither a high frequency of contacts between individuals belonging to sperate populations nor an increase in the number of such contatcs and their stabilization. In our opinion, this describes the situation that has come about in certain regions inhabited by the snow leopard in the Soviet Union.
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	Notes	Tien Shan High Mountain Physical and Geographical Station, Academy of Science of the Kirghisian Societ Socialist Republic, Village of Pokrovka, Kirghisian SSR, USSR (full text at URL)Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 158			Serial	574
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	Author	Kuznetzov B.A.
	Title	Felidae			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1948	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.13 (XXVIII)	Issue		Pages	88-89
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; distribution; snow leopard.; 7490; Russian
	Abstract	The snow leopard widely wide distributed in mountains of Middle and Central Asia. Irbis meets in Altai, Saur, Tarbagatai, Jungarian and Zaili Ala Tau, Kirghiz ridge and Talass within the Kazakhstan. The snow leopard is very rare in Southern Altai, and probably it stay here occasionally.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 727			Serial	602
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	Author	Holt, C. D. S., Nevin, O. T., Smith, D., Convery, I.
	Title	Environmental niche overlap between snow leopard and four prey species in Kazakhstan			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Elsevier	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	48	Pages	97-103
	Keywords	SDM, MaxEnt, Management, Conservation, Dispersal, Distribution
	Abstract	The snow leopard Panthera uncia has declined due to habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and human persecution. Predator distribution is heavily dependent on prey species availability and distribution. With increasing pressures from farming practices encroaching into native species range and persecution of snow leopards in response to livestock depredation, it is vital to assess current predator and prey species distribution to highlight sensitive areas of overlap for protection. This study uses MaxEnt, a presence-only Species Distribution Model (SDM) to assess snow leopard and four prey species habitat suitability along the southern and eastern borders of Kazakhstan using environmental data. This area is considered an important corridor between snow leopard populations in the north and south of their range. Each of the five SDM's produced models of �good� discriminating abilities. We then compared the potential niche overlap between snow leopard and four prey species using ENMTools to highlight areas of important niche overlap within the corridor. The results indicated a very high degree of overlap between snow leopard and Siberian ibex and high degrees Capra sibirica with red deer Cervus elaphus, argali Ovis ammon and urial Ovis orientalis. The snow leopard population in this region is also found to be using forested areas below 2500 m, much lower than recorded in other areas of their range. The results highlight areas needed for protection but also pose additional conservation questions regarding the importance of prey species to transitory individuals.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1472
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	Author	Moiseev V.A.
	Title	Mountain nature			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	86
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; distribution; habitats; preys; Red Data book; snow leopard.; 7680; Russian
	Abstract	The snow leopard inhabits the upper belt of the Tien Shan, Hissar Alai and Pamir mountains. More often it hunts for wild ibexes. Irbis avoids meeting … man, and even wounded it rarely attacks him. At the beginning of spring … snow leopard gives birth to two-five cubs. It lives up to 21 years. The snow leopard is registered in the Red Data Book of USSR and IUCN Red List.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature of Middle Asia in objective.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 746			Serial	701
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	Author	Ming, M.; XuFeng; Turghan, M.; Shoujin, Y.
	Title	Report on Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) Surveys in Tomur, Xinjiang, China 2004			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard; Uncia uncia; survey; distribution; abundance; population size; Tomur; Xinjiang; P.R.China; 5710
	Abstract	The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) investigation in the Tomur area is the second step of the “Project of Snow Leopard Study in Xinjiang”. In this part of the project, we collected information on the distribution , abundance and population size of the snow leopard in this area. The investigation lasted for 3 weeks, between October 17 and November 7th, 2004. During the 22 days of field work, we surveyed 4 different places in Wensu County, Aksu District: e.g. Pochenzi and the Muzat River area, Bozdun and the Little Kuzbay River area, Yinyar and the Tomur River area, Taglak and the Qiong Tailan River area. The 4 main areas, along with a few other valleys, covered most of the Tomur National Conservation Zone. In total, we ran 42 transects. In 15 transects, we found signs left by snow leopards. We also collected 15 fecal samples for diet analysis. This time we interviewed nearly 90 local people from different nationalities: e.g. Han (Chinese), Uygur and Kyrgyz people, including herdsmen, geologists, mineworkers, drivers, veterinarians, businessmen, forest officials, soldiers and policemen. They provided us with an array of information on the historical and current distribution and abundance of the snow leopard in this area.
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	Publisher	Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography; Chinese Academy of Science	Place of Publication	Xinjian, P.R. of China	Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 52			Serial	677
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	Author	Ming, M.; Munkhtsog, B.; Xu, F.; Turghan, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Wei, S.-D.
	Title	Markings as Indicator of Snow Leopard in Field Survey, in Xinjiang			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2005	Publication	Chinese Journal of Zoology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	34-39
	Keywords	markings; marking; snow leopard; leopard; field survey; Xinjiang; Chinese; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; China; Tianshan Mountains; conservation; field work; length; snow leopards; snow-leopards; density; densities; pug; pug marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; feces; scent; spray; Hair; fur; prey; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; distribution; region; relative abundance; abundance; study; areas; knowledge; potential; conservation problems; Human; attitudes; attitude; 200
	Abstract	The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) was a very rare species in China. The survey on the markings of Snow Leopard in Ahay and Tianshan Mountains is the major activity of the Project of Snow Leopard in Xinjiang, supported by International Snow Leopard Trust(ISLT)and Xinjiang Conservation Fund(XCF). During the field work from Sep to Nov 2004 the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group(XSLG) set 67 transects of a total length of 47 776 m with mean transect length is 7 1 3 m at 9 locations.Total of 1 l 8 markings of Snow Leopards were found in 27 transects the mean density is 247km. The markings of Snow Leopard included the pug marks or footprints, scrapes, feces, bloodstain, scent spray, urine, hair or fur, claw rake, remains of prey corpse, sleep site, roar and others. From the quantity and locations of marks the XSLG got the information on habitat selection distribution region and relative abundance of the Snow Leopard in the study areas. The survey also provided knowledge on distribution and abundance of major prey potential conservation problems and human attitudes to Snow Leopards by taking 200 questionnaires in the study areas.
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	Notes	Full text available in Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 875			Serial	681
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