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Author |
Plyaskin V.E. |
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Title |
Rare Felidae species in the Chatkal valley of the West Tien Shan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1982 |
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41-42 |
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Kyrgyzstan; Besh-Aral nature reserve; Cats; snow leopard; Lynx; manul; species range; diet; decline; illegal hunting.; 7910; Russian |
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In 1981, rare Felidae species such as snow leopard, Turkistan lynx, and manul (one encounter recorded) were found in the Besh-Aral nature reserve (the Chatkal valley). Illegal hunting and high concentration of people in some places is emphasized to impact the animal populations. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection and reproduction of fauna. |
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SLN @ rana @ 769 |
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775 |
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Author |
Ale S. |
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Have snow leopards made a comeback to the Everest region of Nepal? |
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Report |
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2005 |
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1-21 |
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snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; region; Nepal; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; 1960; endangered; Sagarmatha; High; Himalaya; tourism; impact; establishment; national; national park; National-park; park; 1980; area; Tibet; surveys; survey; status; Cats; cat; prey; research; project; sign; transects; transect; length; valley; Response; hunting; recovery; Himalayan; tahr; density; densities; range; pugmarks; sighting; 60; study; population; predators; predator; structure; prey species; prey-species; species; populations; mortality; effects; predation; population dynamics |
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In the 1960s, the endangered snow leopard was locally extirpated from the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) region of Nepal. In this Sherpa-inhabited high Himalaya, the flourishing tourism since the ascent of Mt Everest in 1953, has caused both prosperity and adverse impacts, the concern that catalyzed the establishment of Mt. Everest National Park in the region in 1976. In the late 1980s, there were reports that some transient snow leopards may have visited the area from adjoining Tibet, but no biological surveys exist to confirm the status of the cats and their prey. Have snow leopards finally returned to the top of the world? Exploring this question was the main purpose of this research project. We systematically walked altogether 24 sign transects covering over 13 km in length in three valleys, i.e. Namche, Phortse and Gokyo, of the park, and counted several snow leopard signs. The results indicated that snow leopards have made a comeback in the park in response to decades of protective measures, the virtual cessation of hunting and the recovery of the Himalayan tahr which is snow leopard's prey. The average sign density (4.2 signs/km and 2.5 sign sites/km) was comparable to that reported from other parts of the cats' range in the Himalaya. On this basis, we estimated the cat density in the Everest region between 1 to 3 cats per 100 sq km, a figure that was supported by different sets of pugmarks and actual sightings of snow leopards in the 60 km2 sample survey area. In the study area, tahr population had a low reproductive rate (e.g. kids-to-females ratio, 0.1, in Namche). Since predators can influence the size and the structure of prey species populations through mortality and through non-lethal effects or predation risk, snow leopards could have been the cause of the population dynamics of tahr in Sagarmtha, but this study could not confirm this speculation for which further probing may be required. |
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English |
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Progress report for the International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1063 |
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50 |
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Author |
Sobanskiy G.G. |
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Title |
The cat family. Snow leopard, or irbis |
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Miscellaneous |
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1988 |
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89-92 |
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Russia; Altai; Cats; snow leopard; distribution; number; preys.; 8200; Russian |
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In the Altai, there are three cat family species: snow leopard, lynx, and manul. Several tens of snow leopards inhabiting the area along river Argut and its tributaries remained in Altai. They are rarer met in south Altai along the Chikhachev, Shapshal, and Sailyughem ridges. They prey on ibex, wild sheep, roe deer, and moral. They can also attack livestock but would never kill more than one animal. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of the mountainous Altai. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 798 |
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904 |
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Author |
De Groot, H.; Van Swieten, P.; Aalberse, R.C. |
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Evidence for a Fel d I-like molecule in the “big cats” (Felidae species) |
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1990 |
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J Allergy Clin Immunol |
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86 |
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1 |
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107-116 |
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Adolescence; Adult; Allergens; immunology; Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; diagnostic; use; Antibody; Specificity; Carnivora; Cats; Comparative; study; Cross; Reactions; Hair; Histamine; Release; Human; IgE; analysis; IgG; Middle; Age; Radioallergosorbent; Test; methods; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; us; government; gov't; 240 |
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In this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity pattern of IgE and IgG4 antibodies to the major feline allergen, Fel d I. We studied the IgE and IgG4 response of 11 cat-allergic patients against Fel d I-like structures in eight members of the Felidae family: ocelot, puma, serval, siberian tiger, lion, jaguar, snow leopard, and caracal. Hair from these “big cats” was collected, extracted, and used in a RAST system and histamine-release test. By means of a RAST-inhibition assay with affinity-purified Fel d I from cat dander, it was established that, in the Felidae species, a Fel d I equivalent is present that reacts with IgE and IgG4 antibodies. We found that all patients had cross-reacting IgE antibodies to seven of the Felidae tested; no IgE antibodies reactive with the caracal were found. Eight of 10 patients with IgG4 antibodies directed to cat dander also had IgG4 antibodies directed to several Felidae species, including the caracal. However, the correlation between the IgE and the IgG4 antibody specificity was low, indicating that, in the case of Fel d I IgE and IgG4, antibodies do not necessarily have the same specificity. |
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0091-6749 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 157 |
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233 |
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Author |
Zakirov A. |
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Title |
Cats |
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Miscellaneous |
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1974 |
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196-198 |
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Uzbekistan; Ferghana valley; mammals; Cats; snow leopard; distribution.; 8680; Russian |
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It describes a fauna complex of the Fergana valley in Uzbekistan. Three cat family species are found there (wild cat, Turkistan lynx and snow leopard). Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabits eastern part of the Chatkal ridge in the mountains of Akchala. Known are cases of snow leopard's preying on sheep in summer but such cases are extremely rare and the harm is negligent. This is a highly endangered species and therefore full prohibition of shooting the animals is required. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vertebrates in the Ferghana valley. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 845 |
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1070 |
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Author |
Korytin S.A. |
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Animal's behavior near attractions. Animal's reaction to chasing with dogs. Animal behavior and traps |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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49-51 |
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Cats; behavior; snow leopard.; 7300; Russian |
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It describes trophic behavior of the cat family species (lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, caracal, reed cat, wild cat and domestic cat), their reaction to dog-chasing and behavioral patterns when trapped. Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) sometime eat dead animals. After killing the prey they take it away. Irbis eats the carcass, half-risen on front limbs, beginning from the chest and front limbs or lower part of belly, usually not touching intestines. It eats slowly and spends a lot of time near the carcass and returns to the carcass several times. Known are cases that two snow leopards, or a snow leopard and wolf eating the prey together. Snow leopard usually keeps birds off the carcass. If a man approaches snow leopard normally goes away, sometimes putting up with his close presence. Escaping from dogs, snow leopard was seen to plunge into the river. When trapped, snow leopard rather easily surrenders to man. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Habits of wild animals. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 708 |
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551 |
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Author |
Allabergenov E. |
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The cat family |
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Miscellaneous |
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1991 |
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16-23 |
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Uzbekistan; Red Data book; endangered mammals; Cats; snow leopard; 5950; Russian |
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It provides field signs and brief comparative characteristic of cat species in Uzbekistan, five of which are included in the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan and the USSR: lynx, caracal, manul, snow leopard and cheetah. Snow leopard is protected in the Zaamin, Chatkal, and Gissar nature reserves. A snow leopard female bears up to five cubs (normally two three) once in two years. Gestation period is 90 days. Female suckles her cubs until they reach the age of three four months. |
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1991 |
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Russian |
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Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Mammals included in the Red Data Book. |
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SLN @ rana @ 574 |
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62 |
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Author |
Ishunin G.I. |
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Cats |
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Miscellaneous |
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1964 |
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37-43 |
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Uzbekistan; South Uzbekistan; Cats; distribution; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 6950; Russian |
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It provides information about the cat family species in Uzbekistan (steppe cat Felis libyca, reed cat Felis chaus, Turkistan lynx Felis lynx isabellina, manul Felis manul, sand cat Felis margarita, Turan tiger Felis tigris virgata, Middle Asia leopard Felis pardus tullianus, and snow leopard Felis uncia. Snow leopard is distributed over the Hissar ridge, and the mountains of Kuydytavak, Khoddjachilimakhram, Zardalyupaz, Khodjapiriyah and Belata. Trade significance of snow leopard is negligent. In the Sary-Asia district one skin was traded in 1934 and 1935, three in 1936, four in 1937, one in 1946, and two in 1947. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology and economic value of vertebrate animals in south Uzbekistan (the Syrdarya river basin). |
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SLN @ rana @ 673 |
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419 |
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Kazensky, C.A.; Munson, L.; Seal, U.S. |
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The effects of melengestrol acetate on the ovaries of captive wild felids |
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1998 |
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Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine |
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29 |
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1 |
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1-5 |
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Mga; zoo; felids; contraception; Melengestrol-acetate; ovaries; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; snow leopard; browse; uncia; panthera; melengestrol; acetate; 1260; effects; study; ovarian; Ovary; captive; wild; wild felid; Wild-Felid; species; Follicle; Cats; cat; recent; Ovulation; doses; Dose; action; Progestin; Disease; veterinary |
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Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is the most widely used contraceptive in zoo felids, but the mechanism of contraception and the pathologic effects have not been investigated. For this study, the effects of MGA on folliculogenesis were assessed, and the association of MGA with ovarian lesions was evaluated. Comparisons were made among the histopathologic findings in the ovaries from 88 captive wild felids (representing 15 species) divided into three groups: 37 currently contracepted with MGA, eight previously exposed to MGA, and 43 never contracepted. Ninety-one percent of the felids evaluated had tertiary follicles, and no differences were noted between contracepted and uncontracepted cats. Some MGA-contracepted cats also had corpora lutea indicating recent ovulation. These results indicate that folliculogenesis is not suppressed by current doses of MGA and ovulation occurred in some cats. Therefore, the contraceptive actions of MGA do not occur by suppressing folliculogenesis, and MGA-contracepted felids likely have endogenous estrogens that may confound progestin effects on the uterus. Cystic rete ovarii was the most common pathologic finding, but they were not more prevalent in MGA-contracepted cats. These findings indicate that MGA is not associated with ovarian disease, including ovarian cancer, in contrast to the uterine lesions noted in MGA-treated cats. |
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Document Type: English. Affiliation: Taylor Veterinary Hospital, Turlock , California 95382, USA |
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SLN @ rana @ 348 |
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527 |
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Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H. |
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Comparative Aspects of Steroid Hormone Metabolism and Ovarian Activity in Felids, Measured Noninvasively in Feces |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Biol Reprod |
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51 |
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4 |
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776-786 |
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Animal; Carbon; Radioisotopes; Carnivora; Cats; Chromatography; High; Pressure; Liquid; Comparative Study; Estradiol; metabolism; Estrone; feces; chemistry; Female; Ovary; physiology; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Pseudopregnancy; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; non; government; gov't; us; 170 |
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Noninvasive fecal assays were used to study steroid metabolism and ovarian activity in several felid species. Using the domestic cat (Felis catus) as model, the excretory products of injected [14C]estradiol (E2) and [14C]progesterone (P4) were determined. Within 2 days, 97.0 +/- 0.6% and 96.7 +/- 0.5% of recovered E2 and P4 radioactivity, respectively, was found in feces. E2 was excreted as unconjugated estradiol and estrone (40%) and as a non-enzyme- hydrolyzable conjugate (60%). P4 was excreted primarily as non-enzyme- hydrolyzable, conjugated metabolites (78%) and as unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. A simple method for extracting fecal steroid metabolites optimized extraction efficiencies of the E2 and P4 excretion products (90.1 +/- 0.8% and 87.2 +/- 1.4%, respectively). Analysis of HPLC fractions of extracted fecal samples from the radiolabel-injected domestic cats revealed that E2 immunoreactivity coincided primarily with the unconjugated metabolized [14C]E2 peak, whereas progestogen immunoreactivity coincided with a single conjugated epimer and multiple unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. After HPLC separation, similar immunoreactive E2 and P4 metabolite profiles were observed in the leopard cat (F. bengalensis), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), and snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Longitudinal analyses demonstrated that changes in fecal E2 and P4 metabolite concentrations reflected natural or artificially induced ovarian activity. For example, severalfold increases in E2 excretion were associated with overt estrus or exogenous gonadotropin treatment, and elevated fecal P4 metabolite concentrations occurred during pregnant and nonpregnant (pseudopregnant) luteal phases. Although overall concentrations were similar, the duration of elevated fecal P4 metabolites during pseudopregnancy was approximately half that observed during pregnancy. In summary, steroid metabolism mechanisms appear to be conserved among these physically diverse, taxonomically related species. Results indicate that this hormone-monitoring approach will be extremely useful for elucidating the hormonal regulatory mechanism associated with the reproductive cycle, pregnancy, and parturition of intractable and endangered felid species. |
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0006-3363 |
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Document Type: eng |
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SLN @ rana @ 251 |
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198 |
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