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| Author | Salvatori, M., Tenan, S., Oberosler, V., Augugliaro, C., Christe, P., Groff, C., Krofel, M., Zimmermann, F., Rovero, F. | ||||
| Title | Co-occurrence of snow leopard, wolf and Siberian ibex under livestock encroachment into protected areas across the Mongolian Altai | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Biological Conservatio | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 261 | Issue | 109294 | Pages | 1-14 |
| Keywords | Camera-trapping, Panthera uncia, Canis lupus, Capra sibirica, Occupancy, Human-wildlife conflicts, Activity pattern | ||||
| Abstract | In countries such as Mongolia, where globalization of the cashmere market has spurred herders to massively increase their livestock numbers, an important conservation concern is the effect of livestock encroachment on wildlife. This is especially important inside protected areas (PAs), which often represent the last refugia for threatened large mammals. We used camera-traps to sample four areas with different protection status across the Mongolian Altai Mountains, and targeted a predator-prey system composed of livestock, one large herbivore, the Siberian ibex, and two large carnivores, the snow leopard and the wolf. To determine the effect of livestock on habitat use by the wild species and their spatio-temporal co-occurrence we applied an occupancy framework explicitly developed for modelling interacting species. We recorded a widespread presence of domestic animals in the PAs, and observed avoidance of sites used by livestock by snow leopard and ibex, while wolves tended to co-occur with it. Snow leopard and ibex showed clear mutual co-occurrence, indicating a tight predator-prey relationship. Results provide evidence that, at the scale of sites sampled primarily to maximise snow leopard detections, grazing livestock interferes with wild species by inducing avoidance in snow leopards, and attraction in wolves. We suggest that (1) PAs management should enforce real grazing limitations on the ground, especially in the core areas of the parks; (2) new policies incorporating wildlife conservation into government subsidies to pastoralists should be envisaged, to prevent increasing displacement of snow leopards and ibex; (3) as wolves co- occurred with livestock, with the potential for human-wildlife conflicts, we encourage the use of a set of prevention techniques to mitigate livestock depredation. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1659 | ||
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| Author | Samelius, G., Suryawanshi, K., Frank, J., Agvaantseren, B., Baasandamba, E., Mijiddorj, T., Johansson, O., Tumursukh, L., Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Keeping predators out: testing fences to reduce livestock depredation at night-time corrals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-7 | ||
| Keywords | Canis lupus, carnivore conservation, coexistence, conflict mitigation, conservation conflict, livestock depreda- tion, Panthera uncia, preventative measure | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock depredation by large carnivores is a global conservation challenge, and mitigation measures to reduce livestock losses are crucial for the coexistence of large carnivores and people. Various measures are employed to reduce livestock depredation but their effectiveness has rarely been tested. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of tall fences to reduce livestock losses to snow leopards Panthera uncia and wolves Canis lupus at night-time corrals at the winter camps of livestock herders in the Tost Mountains in southern Mongolia. Self-reported livestock losses at the fenced corrals were reduced from a mean loss of 3.9 goats and sheep per family and winter prior to the study to zero losses in the two winters of the study. In contrast, self-reported livestock losses in winter pastures, and during the rest of the year, when herders used different camps, remained high, which indicates that livestock losses were reduced because of the fences, not because of temporal variation in predation pressure. Herder attitudes towards snow leopards were positive and remained positive during the study, whereas attitudes towards wolves, which attacked livestock also in summer when herders moved out on the steppes, were negative and worsened during the study. This study showed that tall fences can be very effective at reducing night-time losses at corrals and we conclude that fences can be an important tool for snow leopard conservation and for facilitating the coexistence of snow leopards and people. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1492 | ||
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| Author | Maheshwari, A. , Sathyakumar, S. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard stewardship in mitigating human-wildlife conflict in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Human Dimensions of Wildlife | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-5 | ||
| Keywords | Snow leopard; human-wildlife conflict; ecotourism; livelihood; India | ||||
| Abstract | Among large predators, snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and co-predators (e.g., wolves Canis lupus, lynx Lynx lynx) often cause economic losses, engendering animosity from local communities in the mountain ecosystem across south and central Asia (Din et al., 2017; Jackson & Lama, 2016; Maheshwari, Takpa, Kujur, & Shawl, 2010; Schaller, 2012). These economic losses range from around US $50 to nearly $300 per household, a significant sum given per capita annual incomes of $250 – $400 (Jackson & Wangchuk, 2004; Mishra, 1997). Recent efforts such as improved livestock husbandry practices (predator-proof livestock corrals – closed night shelters with covered roof with wiremesh and a closely fitting iron or wooden door that can be securely locked at night) and community-based ecotourism (e.g., home stays, guides, porters, pack animals, campsites) are providing alternative livelihood opportunities and mitigating large carnivores – human conflict in the snow leopard habitats (Hanson, Schutgens, & Baral, 2018; Jackson, 2015; Jackson & Lama, 2016; Vannelli, Hampton, Namgail, & Black, 2019). Snow leopard-based ecotourism provides an opportunity to secure livelihoods and reduce poverty of the communities living in ecotourism sites across Ladakh (Chandola, 2012; Jackson, 2015). To understand the role of snow leopard-based ecotourism in uplifting the financial profile of local communities, mitigating large carnivore – human conflict and eventually changing attitudes towards large carnivores in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India, we compared the estimated financial gains of a snow leopard-based ecotourism to stated livestock predation losses by snow leopards and wolves. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1484 | ||
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| Author | Jamtsho, Y., Katel, O. | ||||
| Title | Livestock depredation by snow leopard and Tibetan wolf: Implications for herders� livelihoods in Wangchuck Centennial National Park, Bhutan | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Springer Open | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | 9:1 | Pages | 1-10 | |
| Keywords | Wildlife-livestock conflicts, Endangered predators, Protected area, Income loss | ||||
| Abstract | Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a serious problem in many parts of the world, and Bhutan�s Wangchuck Centennial National Park (WCNP) is no exception. Located in the remote alpine areas of the eastern Himalaya, wildlife species such as snow leopard (SL) and Tibetan wolf (TW) are reported to kill livestock in many parts of the Park. Such depredation is believed to have affected the livelihoods of high-altitude herding communities, resulting in conflicts between them. This study provides analysis on the extent of livestock depredation by wildlife predators such as SL and TW and examines its implications for the livelihoods of herding communities of Choekhortoe and Dhur regions of WCNP. Using semi-structured questionnaires, all herders (n = 38) in the study area were interviewed. The questions pertained to livestock population, frequency of depredation and income lost due to depredation in the last five years from 2012 to 2016. This study recorded 2,815 livestock heads in the study area, with an average herd size of 74.1 stock. The average herd size holding showed a decreasing trend over the years, and one of the reasons cited by the herders is depredation by SL and TW and other predators. This loss equated to an average annual financial loss equivalent to 10.2% (US$837) of their total per capita cash income. Such losses have resulted in negative impacts on herders� livelihood; e.g. six herders (2012-2016) even stopped rearing livestock and resorted to an alternate source of cash income. The livestock intensification programmes, including pasture improvement through allowing controlled burning, and financial compensation, may be some potential short-term solutions to reduce conflict between herders and predators. Issuing permits for cordyceps (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) collection only to the herders and instilling the sense of stewardship to highland herders may be one of the long-term solutions. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1479 | ||
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| Author | Hanson, J. H., Schutgens, M., Lama, R.P., Aryal, A., Dhakal, M. | ||||
| Title | Local attitudes to the proposed translocation of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Fauna & Flora International | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-7 | ||
| Keywords | Attitudes, blue sheep, human&wildlife conflict, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, Sagarmatha National Park, snow leopard, translocation | ||||
| Abstract | Translocations are an important tool for the conservation of biodiversity, but although ecological feasibility studies are frequently conducted prior to implementation, social feasibility studies that consider how local communities perceive such projects are less common. The translocation of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur to Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal, has been proposed, to reduce livestock depredation by snow leopards Panthera uncia by providing an alternative prey base in addition to the small population of Himalayan thar Hemitragus jemlahicus. This study used systematic sampling, a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interviews within the Park to provide data on the social viability of the proposed translocation. Quantitative analysis revealed moderate levels of support but qualitative analysis suggested that there are significant concerns about the proposal. In addition,multiple regression analysis found that women and livestock owners were significantly less supportive, although the model had low explanatory power. Potential crop damage and competition for forage were frequently cited as concerns, especially amongst those with a high level of dependence on natural resources. Given the mixed response to the proposed translocation of blue sheep to the Everest region, alleviating the reservations of local residents is likely to be key to any further consultation, planning or implementation. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1475 | ||
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| Author | Hussain, I. | ||||
| Title | Conserving Biodiversity through Institutional Diversity: Concept Paper | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | Iunc; status; distribution; Baltistan; Pakistan; herders; farmers; conservation; killing; poaching; conflict; livestock; predator; prey; retaliatory-killing; economy; corral; capture; trapping; Project-snow-leopard; ecotourism; tourism; compensation; markhor; trekking; browse; retaliatory; 3910 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 362 | Serial | 397 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
| Title | The Snow Leopard Conservancy, Dedicated to demonstrating innovative, grassroots measures that lead local shepherds to become better stewards of the endangered snow leopard, its prey and habitat | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | livestock-depredation; livestock; herders; conflict; Iucn; enclosures; pens; corrals; trap; poison; hunting; behavior; Ladakh; guard-dogs; Dogs; economics; incentives; compensation; depredation; guard; browse; 4060 | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 377 | Serial | 465 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
| Title | Managing people-wildlife conflict in Tibet's Qomolangma National Nature Preserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | Qomolangma; livestock; Tibet; predator; predation; prey; protected-areas; parks; reserves; conflict; corrals; pens; depredation; livestock-depredation; browse; livestock depredation; protected; area; areas; protected area; protected areas; 4020 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URLMay 6, 1999Rodney M. Jackson (Author)Contact and Mailing Address: 18030 Comstock Ave,Sonoma, CA 95476Phone (707) 935-3851; Fax 933-9618; E-mail: rodjackson@mountain.org Author's Title: Senior Program Associate for Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation, The Mountain Institute, Dogwood and Main Streets, Franklin, WV 26807; and Conservation Director, International Snow Leopard Trust, Suite 325, 4649 Sunnyside Ave., North, Seattle, WA 98103 Title: Managing people-wildlife conflict in Tibet's Qomolangma National Nature Preserve Key Words: crop damage, wildlife depredation, conflict resolution, Tibet Subject: Managing conflict in protected areasPresentation Type: Oral paper | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 364 | Serial | 462 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
| Title | Third Slims Workshop held in Mongolia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | xiii | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Slims; Mongolia; fieldwork; surveys; Project-snow-leopard; Islt; Macne; McCarthy; hunting; conflict; herders; prey; poaching; predation; gobi; browse; 4570 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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| Notes | Full text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 445 | Serial | 455 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
| Title | Second SLIMS Workshop Held | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | xii | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Chitral-Gol; Pakistan; Slims; surveys; research; Project-snow-leopard; teqniques; conflict-resolution; training; browse; 4590 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle, WA | Editor | |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 273 | Serial | 453 | ||
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