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| Author | Bhatnagar, Y.V. | ||||
| Title | Relocation from wildlife reserves in the Greater and Trans-Himalayas: Is it necessary? | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Conservation and Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 263-270 |
| Keywords | wildlife reserves,relocation,Greater Himalayas,Trans-Himalayas; wildlife; reserves; relocation; Himalayas; Himalaya; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya | ||||
| Abstract | The Greater and Trans-Himalayan tracts are cold deserts that have severe seasonal and resource scarce environments. Covering the bulk of Indian Himalayas, they are a rich repository of biodiversity values and ecosystem services. The region has a large protected area (PA) network which has not been completely effective in conserving these unique values. The human population densities are much lower (usually < 1 per sq km) than in most other parts of the country (over 300 to a sq km). However, even such small populations can come into conflict with strict PA laws that demand large inviolate areas, which can mainly be achieved through relocation of the scattered settlements. In this paper, I reason that in this landscape relocation is not a tenable strategy for conservation due to a variety of reasons. The primary ones are that wildlife, including highly endangered ones are pervasive in the larger landscape (unlike the habitat 'islands' of the forested ecosystems) and existing large PAs usually encompass only a small proportion of this range. Similarly, traditional use by people for marginal cultivation, biomass extraction and pastoralism is also as pervasive in this landscape. There does exist pockets of conflict and these are probably increasing owing to a variety of changes relating to modernisation. However, scarce resources, the lack of alternatives and the traditional practice of clear-cut division of all usable areas and pastures between communities make resettlement of people outside PAs extremely difficult. It is reasoned that given the widespread nature of the wildlife and pockets of relatively high density, it is important to prioritise these smaller areas for conservation in a scenario where they form a mosaic of small 'cores' that are more effectively maintained with local support and that enable wildlife to persist. These ideas have recently gained widespread acceptance in both government and conservation circles and may soon become part of national strategy for these areas. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 914 | Serial | 138 | ||
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| Author | Burrard, G. | ||||
| Title | Big Game Hunting in the Himalayas and Tibet | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1925 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | hunting; big-game; Tibet; Himalayas; browse; big; game; 1860 | ||||
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| Publisher | H. Jenkinns | Place of Publication | London | Editor | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 11 | Serial | 203 | ||
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| Author | Chetri, M., Odden, M., Devineau, O., McCarthy, T., Wegge, P. | ||||
| Title | Multiple factors influence local perceptions of snow leopards and Himalayan wolves in the central Himalayas, Nepal. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | PeerJ | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-18 | ||
| Keywords | Panthera uncia, Canis lupus chanco, Perceptions, Large carnivores, Trans-Himalayas | ||||
| Abstract | An understanding of local perceptions of carnivores is important for conservation and management planning. In the central Himalayas, Nepal, we interviewed 428 individuals from 85 settlements using a semi-structured questionnaire to quantitatively assess local perceptions and tolerance of snow leopards and wolves. We used generalized linear mixed effect models to assess influential factors, and found that tolerance of snow leopards was much higher than of wolves. Interestingly, having experienced livestock losses had a minor impact on perceptions of the carnivores. Occupation of the respondents had a strong effect on perceptions of snow leopards but not of wolves. Literacy and age had weak impacts on snow leopard perceptions, but the interaction among these terms showed a marked effect, that is, being illiterate had a more marked negative impact among older respondents. Among the various factors affecting perceptions of wolves, numbers of livestock owned and gender were the most important predictors. People with larger livestock herds were more negative towards wolves. In terms of gender, males were more positive to wolves than females, but no such pattern was observed for snow leopards. People’s negative perceptions towards wolves were also related to the remoteness of the villages. Factors affecting people’s perceptions could not be generalized for the two species, and thus need to be addressed separately. We suggest future conservation projects and programs should prioritize remote settlements. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1615 | |||
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| Author | Gaston, A.J.; Garson, P.J.; Hunter, M.L. | ||||
| Title | The status and conservation of forest wildlife in Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalayas | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 291-314 |
| Keywords | Himachal; park; conservation; Himalayas; reserves; refuge; protected-area; browse; protected; area; 890 | ||||
| Abstract | The wildlife of temperate forest ecosystems in the Western Himalayas is threatened by destruction of habitat and hunting. Two species of pheasants occuring in the survey area (western tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus and cheer pheasant Catreus wallichi) are listed in the IUCN Red Data Book (1979). Small populations of both species were located and information on their habitat requirements was obtained. The status of most large mammal species appears to be precarious, with the populations encountered being small and fragmented. Species formerly common but now rare include Himalayan brown bear Ursus arctos, Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus moschiferus. The snow leopard Panthera uncia has disappeared completely from the area.-from Authors | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 58 | Serial | 333 | ||
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| Author | Panwar, H.S. | ||||
| Title | Report on the snow leopard research project of Wildlife Institute of India | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-2 | ||
| Keywords | Himalaya; Himalayas; India; international snow leopard trust; research; snow leopard; survey | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopard survey conducted in Indian Himalayas between November 1985 and July 1986. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 987 | Serial | 759 | ||
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| Author | Sangay, T.; Vernes, K. | ||||
| Title | Human-wildlife conflict in the Kingdom of Bhutan: Patterns of livestock predation by large mammalian carnivores | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 141 | Issue | Pages | 1272-1282 | |
| Keywords | bear; Bhutan; compensation; conflict; Himalayas; leopard; livestock; predation; snow leopard; tiger | ||||
| Abstract | We examined predation activity throughout Bhutan by tiger (Panthera tigris), common leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) on a variety of livestock types using data gathered over the first two years (2003-2005) of a compensation scheme for livestock losses. One thousand three hundred and seventy five kills were documented, with leopards killing significantly more livestock (70% of all kills), than tigers (19%), bears (8%) and snow leopards (2%). About 50% of livestock killing were of cattle, and about 33% were of horses, with tigers, leopards and snow leopards killing a significantly greater proportion of horses than predicted from availability. Examination of cattle kills showed that leopards killed a significantly greater proportion of smaller prey (e.g., calves), whereas tigers killed a significantly greater proportion of larger prey (e.g., bulls). Overall, livestock predation was greatest in summer and autumn which corresponded with a peak in cropping agriculture; livestock are turned out to pasture and forest during the cropping season, and subsequently, are less well guarded than at other times. Across Bhutan, high horse density and low cattle and yak density were associated with high rates of livestock attack, but no relationship was found with forest cover or human population density. Several northern districts were identified as 'predation hotspots', where proportions of livestock lost to predation were considerable, and the ratio of reported kills to relative abundance of livestock was high. Implications of our findings for mitigating livestock losses and for conserving large carnivores in Bhutan are discussed. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 903 | Serial | 842 | ||
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| Author | The Snow Leopard Conservancy | ||||
| Title | A Learning Tour of the CBN (Corbett, Nainital and Binsar) Eco-tourism Initiative Sites by Villagers from Hemis National Park and the Surrounding Area (18-28th November 2002) | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | SLC Field Document Series No 5 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Ladakh; Himalayas; Himalaya; Karakoram; mountains; mountain; landscape; tourists; trans-himalayan; transhimalayan; biodiversity; home; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; tourism; number; ecotourism; 80; conservation; traditional; local; community; Culture; income; people; leh; travel; rural; Snow Leopard Conservancy; ecotourism activities; ecotourism-activities; activities; activity; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; livelihood; loss; livestock; Animals; Animal; local people; NGO's; eco-tourism; villagers; area | ||||
| Abstract | Ladakh lies between the Great Himalayas and the formidable Karakoram mountains. Its unique landscape and rich cultural heritage have been a great attraction to tourists all over the world. Apart from its uniqueness it has a rich Trans-Himalayan bio-diversity and is home to the rare and elusive snow leopard. It opened to tourism in 1974 with a handful of tourists and has gone up to the present number of about 18,000 visitors annually. Ecotourism started in Ladakh in mid 80s in the form of conservation of traditional architecture when local communities realized the importance of their rich culture and traditions being valued by the visiting tourists. However, while tourism became a major source of income to people in Leh, most of the benefits stayed with outside (Delhi) based travel agents thus leaving out the rural masses. During the last three years Snow Leopard Conservancy and The Mountain Institute have been initiating ecotourism activities with local communities in the Hemis National Park as an alternate livelihood and an indirect way to compensate losses of livestock from predatory animals. However, local people while venturing into such new initiatives have tended to be like blind men that are being led by NGO's so that they do not stumble along their paths. |
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Leh, Ladakh, India | Editor | Wangchuk, R.; Dadul, J. | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1025 | Serial | 963 | ||
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| Author | International Snow Leopard Trust | ||||
| Title | Indo-US Snow Leopard Project | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Snowline | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | No. 10 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | Garhwal; Himalayas; Govind; Givind-Pashu-Vihar; depredation; killing; livestock; surveys; research; Himachal-Pradesh; Himachal; browse; 4810 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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| Notes | Full Text at URL; Progress ReportJournal Title: Snow Line | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 468 | Serial | 921 | ||
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| Author | Singh, S. K., De, R., Sharma, R., Maheshwari, A., Joshi, B. D., Sharma, D., Sathyakumar, S., Habib, B., Goyal, S. P. | ||||
| Title | Conservation importance of the strategic, centrally located snow leopard population in the western Himalayas, India: a genetic perspective | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Mammalian Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 13 | ||
| Keywords | Panthera uncia, Western Himalayas, Microsatellite, Genetic diversity, Functional connectivity | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard population in Union Territory of Ladakh (UTL), India is at the centre of five out of eight mountain ranges within the species' habitat in the high-mountain Asia. Its strategic location is of immense conservation significance to maintain genetic connectivity and metapopulation dynamics of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). Therefore, we provide the first estimates of the snow leopard's individual-based spatial genetic characteristics from UTL. Multi-locus genotyping (n = 14 loci) of individuals (n = 19) revealed moderate genetic diversity in the population (mean number of alleles = 5.86 ± 0.55, observed heterozygosity = 0.48 ± 0.05, expected heterozygosity = 0.65 ± 0.03, allelic richness = 2.65 ± 0.15). We did not observe any evidence of population structuring (using STRUCTURE and Factorial Correspondence Analysis) or isolation by distance. However, the clustering approach based on genetic distance (Nei's standard distance and Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards distance) and subsequent discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed three sub-clusters of related individuals within the study population without any spatial correlates. We observed 1.2% first-order relatives, suggesting sufficient dispersal and panmixia in the UTL population. We observed high fixation index (FIS = 0.26 ± 0.05; 0.17 ± 0.03 upon removing loci with null alleles) and presence of individuals from genetically divergent populations in UTL. Hence, the high positive FIS value could be attributed to both Wahlund effect and inbreeding. Prioritization and effective conservation planning of the UTL population as a source would benefit the global snow leopard population by (i) maintaining connectivity between the Himalayas and the central Asian mountain ranges, and (ii) providing refuge during future climate change-related range contraction. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1694 | ||
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| Author | Saeed, U., Arshad, M., Hayat, S., Morelli, T. L., Nawaz, M. A. | ||||
| Title | Analysis of provisioning ecosystem services and perceptions of climate change for indigenous communities in the Western Himalayan Gurez Valley, Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Ecosytem Services | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 101453 | Pages | 1-12 |
| Keywords | Economic valuation, Provisioning ecosystem services, Climate change, Focus group discussion, Gurez Valley, Western Himalayas | ||||
| Abstract | Climate change is a significant threat to people living in mountainous regions. It is essential to understand how montane communities currently depend especially on the provisioning ecosystem services (ES) and the ways in which climate change will impact these services, so that people can develop relevant adaptation strategies. The ES in the Gurez Valley, in the Western Himalayas of Pakistan, provide a unique opportunity to explore these questions. This understudied area is increasingly exposed not only to climate change but also to the over- exploitation of resources. Hence, this study aimed to (a) identify and value provisioning ES in the region; (b) delineate indigenous communities’ reliance on ES based on valuation; and (c) measure the perceptions of indigenous communities of the impact of climate change on the ES in Gurez Valley. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to classify the provisioning ES by using the ‘Common International Classification on Ecosystem Services’ (CICES) table and applying the ‘Total Economic Valuation (TEV)’ Frame- work. Results indicate that the indigenous communities are highly dependent on ES, worth 6730 ± 520 USD/ Household (HH)/yr, and perceive climate change as a looming threat to water, crops, and rearing livestock ESS in the Gurez Valley. The total economic value of the provisioning ES is 3.1 times higher than a household’s average income. Medicinal plant collection is a significant source of revenue in the Valley for some households, i.e., worth 766 ± 134.8 USD/HH/yr. The benefits of the sustainable use of ES and of climate change adaptation and mitigation, are culturally, economically, and ecologically substantial for the Western Himalayans. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1693 | ||
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