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Author | Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association | ||||
Title | Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology | ||||
Abstract | In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism, zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd, Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that administrative units have been increased and territories of administrative units have been diminished. There have been four provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert. Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum, Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression. Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December 16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of 1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 % of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting. Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15 USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't consider it had been right since it was natural event. However population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards correctly with low costs. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1100 | Serial | 705 | ||
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Author | Nikolaevskiy A.G. | ||||
Title | The Kyrgyz state nature park “Ala-Archa”. People's park of the Uzbek SSR | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1985 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 89-92 | ||
Keywords | Kyrgyzsatn; Ala-Archa national park; location; climate; soils; relief; plants; Animals; mammals; snow leopard.; 7750 | ||||
Abstract | It provides general information about the Kyrgyz state nature park ®Ala-Archa", its physico-geographical features, relief, landscape zoning, and description of flora and fauna. Snow leopard, Tien-Shan brown bear, ibex (more than 300 animals), porcupine, stone marten, ermine, and marmot, etc. are mentioned as the most interesting animals. | ||||
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Notes | 1950Journal Title: National parks. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 753 | Serial | 720 | ||
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Author | Oruntaeva K.B. | ||||
Title | The Zailiyskiy natural national park | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 71-86 | ||
Keywords | Kazakhstan; Zaaliyskiy national park; establishment; fauna; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7810; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The Zailiyskiy state natural national park is suggested to establish in the center of northern micro slope of Zailiyskiy Alatau. There are 42 mammal, 138 bird, tow amphibian, and eight reptile and fish species, and 145 daylight butterfly species in the Zailiyskiy Alatay. Of them, seven mammal species such as argali, Tien Shan bear, snow leopard, Turkistan lynx, stone marten, Central Asian otter, and Indian porcupine are included in the Red Data Books of Kazakhstan and USSR. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: New nature reserves of Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 759 | Serial | 755 | ||
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Author | Singh, J. | ||||
Title | Transboundary Stakeholders: Developing Cross-Border Conservation On Linkages for the Snow Leopard (Discussion Paper) | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | snow; leopard; border; habitat; transboundary; Cross; International; corridor; corridors; links; linking; cooperation; country; 5070 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 493 | Serial | 894 | ||
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Author | Tursunov Kh. | ||||
Title | The Ugam-Chatkal national park. The Chatkal state biosphere nature reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 7-10 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Ugam Chatkal national park; Chatkal nature reserve; flora; fauna; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8430; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Established in 1990, the Ugam-Chatkal national park occupies an area of 668,350 ha and is the largest protected natural area in Uzbekistan. This area is famous for its rich species diversity. A number of rare and endangered plant and animal species, including among the others snow leopard, is found here. Being a core zone (strictly protected natural area), the Chatkal nature reserve is an integral part of the park. Snow leopard is periodically observed in the Tereksay river valley in the Maidantal area. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic problems of the West Tien Shan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 820 | Serial | 976 | ||
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Author | Wingard, J.R.; Zahler, P. | ||||
Title | Silent Steppe: The Illegal Wildlife Trade Crisis in Mongolia | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-170 | ||
Keywords | steppe; illegal; wildlife; trade; Mongolia; study; threat; populations; population; areas; area; fur; fur trade; fur-trade; game; meat; hunting; Chain; impact; biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; conservation; rural; livelihood; Wildlife-Management; management; survey; survey methods; methods; history; action; International; enforcement; domestic; community-based; approach | ||||
Abstract | The current study in Mongolia is truly groundbreaking, in that it shows that the problem of commercial wildlife trade is also vast, unsustainable, and a major threat to wildlife populations in other areas. This paper's Executive Summary briefs the topics of wildlife trade in Mongolia, fur trade, medicinal trade, game meat trade, trophy and sport hunting, trade chains and markets, trade sustainability, impacts of wildlife trade on biodiversity conservation, impacts of trade on rural livelihoods, enabling wildlife management, and management recommendations. The main content of the paper includes: wildlife trade survey methods, a history of wildlife trade in Mongolia, wildlife take and trade today, enabling wildlife management, and recommendations and priority actions. The recommendations have been divided into six separate sections, including (1) cross-cutting recommendations, (2) international trade enforcement, (3) domestic trade enforcement, (4) hunting management, (5) trophy and sport hunting management, and (6) community-based approaches. Each section identifies short-term, long-term, and regulatory goals in order of priority within each subsection. | ||||
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Publisher | World Bank | Place of Publication | Washington, D.C. | Editor | East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department |
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Notes | Mongolian version. English language translation is also available in the SLN bibliography. Mongolia Discussion Papers. East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department. Washington D.C.: World Bank. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1079 | Serial | 1026 | ||
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Author | Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Mardan | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard Survey in Tumor Nature Reserve, Xingjiang | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Sichuan Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 608-610 |
Keywords | snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; survey; nature; reserve; national; Xinjiang; China; sign; big; cat; spray; distribution; population; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; river; area; Tomur; transects; transect; scrapes; scrape; feces; areas; valley | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopard survey was conducted in Oct-Nov 2004 at Tumor National Natural Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Because of its special living style, the snow leopard is difficult to observe by sight. Signs left by snow leopard become a good index to prove the existance of the big cat. There are mainly five kinds of signs, footprints, fectes, claw rakes and urine spray. From them we can know the distribution, probably population and habitat selection of snow leopard. This time in Tumor we investigated 5 difference places: Pochenzi in Mozat River area, Boxidun in Little Kuzbay River area, Yinyer in Tomur River area, Kurgan and Taglak in Quiong Tailan River area. 42 transects were run in this trip and a total of 57 signs found. Among them, footprints amounted to 71.9%, scrapes 21.1%, and feces 7.0%. The results showed that the big cat existed in Yinyer, Kurgan and Taglak areas and liked to select their habitat in the valley and didn't like to live in barren areas. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 873 | Serial | 1034 | ||
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Author | Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Chundawat R.S.; Marden; Nui, Y. | ||||
Title | Preliminary Study on the Habitat Selection of Uncia uncia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 23 | Issue | Pages | 471-473 | |
Keywords | study; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Chinese; research; large; species; extinction; Felidae; central; mountains; mountain; Xinjiang; Tianshan Mountains; Altay; national; nature; reserve; fieldwork; sign; grazing; status; Test; analysis; primary; factor; topography; valley | ||||
Abstract | Uncia uncia is one of the rare large species on the brink of extinction in Felidae in the world, and inhabit only the Central Asian mountains. It is said that there are currently only 4500-7300 Uncia uncia surviving. During the period from September 2004 to July 2005, the habitat selection of Uncia uncia was investigated in some mountains in Xinjiang, including the eastern Tianshan Mountains, Beita Mountains, Altay Mounts and Mount Tumor National Nature Reserve. In several months of fieldwork, we got 171 sign samples of Uncia uncia and 123 random samples in total. Five habitat features, i.e., the elevation, topographic features, vegetation type, grazing status and ruggedness, are selected to compare the difference of selectivity of the Uncia uncia habitat selection. The Chi-square goodness-of-fit test and the binomial test are used to check the significance of Uncia uncia habitat selection, and the principal component analysis is used to find the primary factors in in the selection. The result s are as follows : (1) Uncia uncia selected all kinds of the habitat types , especially the elevation , topography , vegetation types and ruggedness ; (2) Ruggedness and the vegetation types are the preliminary factors for the habitat selection. Topography is the secondary factor ; (3) Uncia uncia prefer to inhabit in the rugged habitat s with moderate shrubberies , and they also like to leave signs in valley bottoms rather than hillsides. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in ChineseName of periodical: Arid Zone Research | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 871 | Serial | 1036 | ||
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Author | Xu, F.; Ma, M.; Wu, Y.-Q. | ||||
Title | Population density and habitat utilization of ibex in Tomur National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | densities; density; habitat; habitat utilization; ibex; national; nature; population; Population-Density; Tomur | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 867 | Serial | 1037 | ||
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Author | Zahler, P.; Graham, P. | ||||
Title | War and wildlife: the Afghanistan conflict and its effects on the environment | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-10 | ||
Keywords | war; wildlife; Afghanistan; conflict; effects; environment; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; Islt; environmental; Organization; conservation; endangered; mountain; mountain ecosystem; mountain-ecosystem; ecosystem; approach; local; local people; people; Media; government; public; Report | ||||
Abstract | The International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to the conservation of the endangered snow leopard and its mountain ecosystem through a balanced approach that considers the needs of the local people and the environment. As such, we wish to stress that the ISLT does not have a position regarding the present conflict in Afghanistan. However, this organization believes that there are important repercussions regarding this conflict that have yet to be addressed in the media, within government circles, or among the public. This report documents some of these repercussions so that they may be included in the present dialog. | ||||
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Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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Notes | ISLT special report. Peter Zahler from Wildlife Conservation Society & Peter Graham from ISLT. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 975 | Serial | 1067 | ||
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