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Author Laptev M.K. url 
  Title The cats – Felidae Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1929 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue I. Issue Pages 55-60  
  Keywords Central Asia; Felidae; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution.; 7550; Russian  
  Abstract It describes identification features of the Felidae family species (ItŒ¤ŒlŒbus, A¤inŒn¢o, L¢no, Oigris, D…rdus, Uncia, r†m…†lurus, ¥…a…¤…l, ¥atolynx, Felis): colour, body size and skull length, length of limbs, presence or absence of ear-brushes, cheek-bones width, nasal bones, palatine bone, rapacious tooth, and acoustical capsules.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Central Asia mammals Guide (insectivorous, bats, predators, and ungulates). Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 733 Serial 611  
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Author Laptev M.K. url 
  Title The cats – Felidae Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1936 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue V. Issue Pages 77-82  
  Keywords Turkmenistan; Kopet-Dag; Felidae; taxonomy; snow leopard.; 7560; Russian  
  Abstract An identification table for genus and species of Felidae family of Turkmenistan is given. The following features are used: colour, pattern, teeth formula, skull measurements, and sizes of body, head, and tail. The presence of snow leopard for Kopet-Dag is indicated.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Guide of vertebrate species of Turkmen SSR. Mammals. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 734 Serial 612  
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Author Lavrov N.P. url 
  Title Snow leopard, or irbis Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 58-60  
  Keywords Ussr; Russia; Red Data book; snow leopard; status; distribution; number; life history characteristics; conservation measures.; 7570; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopard Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775, has status I, that is rare, non-numerous and endangered species. Information about its distribution, habitats, biology, number, existing and required conservation measures in the RSFSR and USSR is provided. Total population in the USSR is 800 1,000 animals.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the RSFSR. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 735 Serial 613  
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Author Lesnyak A.P. url 
  Title Cats in Uzbekistan's fur trade Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1984 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 57-64  
  Keywords Uzbekistan; rare species; Cats; species range; diet; hunting; pelts; poaching; snow leopard.; 7580; Russian  
  Abstract Data of distribution, food, and fur trade of Felidae (North Persian leopard, snow leopard, caracal, Turkestan lynx, manul, Turkestan steppe cat, jungle cat [chaus], sand cat) in Uzbekistan is given. Snow leopard is an object of illegal hunting.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunting and nature protection in Uzbekistan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 736 Serial 615  
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Author Liao, Y.F. url 
  Title A preliminary study on the geographical distribution of snow leopards in China Type Conference Article
  Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 51-64  
  Keywords China; distribution; status; conservation; browse; 3280  
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  Publisher ISLT and Wildlife Inst. of India Place of Publication Editor H.Freeman  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full Text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 125 Serial 618  
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Author Lilin, Z. url 
  Title Captive rearing of a wild snow leopard cub in the Xining Zoo, China Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 177-182  
  Keywords zoos; captivity; zoo; husbandry; rearing; distribution; diet; food; feeding; young; cubs; reproduction; breeding; mating; China; browse; 3700  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 245 Serial 619  
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Author Linnell, J.; Swenson, J.; Landa A.; and Kvam, T. url 
  Title Methods for monitoring European large carnivores – A worldwide review of relevant experience Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication NINA Oppdragsmelding Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume 549 Issue Pages 1-38  
  Keywords carnivore; monitoring; census; bear; Lynx; wolf; wolverine; 5310  
  Abstract Against a background of recovering large carnivore populations in Norway, and many other areas of Europe, it is becoming increasingly important to develop methods to monitor their populations. A variety of parameters can monitored depending on objectives. These parameters include: presence/absense, distribution, population trend indices, minimum counts, statistical estimates of population size, reproductive parameters and health/condition. Three broad categories of monitoring techniques can be recognised each with increasing levels of fieldwork required. The first category includes those techniques that do not require original fieldwork. The second category involves fieldwork, but where individually recognisable carnivores are not available. The third category includes methods where fieldwork has recognisable individuals available. Different mehtods tend to have been used for different species, mainly because of limitations imposed by the different species' ecology. The most precise estimates of population size have been obtained in research projects with relatively small study sites and with the help of radio-telemetry. However, it may be difficult, or impossible, to apply these methods over large monitoring areas. Therefore, in terms of practical management, a combination of minimum counts, supported by an independent index may be more useful than statistical population estimates. All methods should be subject to a careful design process, and power analysis should be conducted to determine the sensitivity of the method to detect changes.

Based on the review of over 200 papers and reports we recommend a package of complementary monitoring methods for brown bear, wolverine, lynx and wolf in Norway. These include the use of observations from the public and reports of predation on livestock to determine broad patterns of distribution, and an index based on hunter observations per hunting day, for all four species. Minimum counts of reproductive units, natal dens, family groups, and packs, should be obtained from snow-tracking for wolverines, lynx and wolves respectively. In addition a track-count index should be obtained for wolverines and lynx. As much data as possible should be obtained of lynx and wolvereines killed in the annual harvest. Brown bears will be difficult to monitor without the use of radio-telemetry, therfore they may require periodic telemetry based, mark-recapture studies. Such a program can easily be constructed within existing central and regional wildlife management structures, but will require extensive involvement from hunters.
 
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 516 Serial 622  
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Author Loginov O. url 
  Title Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 39-41  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; number; distribution; threats; protected areas; conservation activity; snow leopard.; 7590; Russian  
  Abstract Snow leopards are to be found in the most extreme eastern, southeastern and southern mountainous regions, including the Altai. Saur, Tarbagatai. Dzhungarian, Alatau, Northern and Western Tian-Shan ranges. The snow leopard or irbis is the most rare in eastern Kazakstan in the ranges of Katunskie Belki, South Altai, Kurchumski, Sarymsakty, Saur and Tarbagatai. Total snow leopard population in Kazakstan is estimated at no more than 100-110 animals, including 20-25 in the central part of the Zailisky-Alatau. Although there are nine protected areas in Kazakstan, snow leopards are only regularly reported

from the Aksu-Dzhabagly and Almaty reserves and occasionally in Markakolsky Reserve. The major threats to the species include: Deliberate poaching with the aim of selling the valuable fur of the snow leopard; habitat loss resulting from the expansion of human activity in its mountain habitat, and deliberate or retaliatory killing by shepherds in response to predation upon livestock.
 
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 737 Serial 623  
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Author Loginov, O. url 
  Title Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Kazakstan Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 39-41  
  Keywords kazakstan; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Cites; Almaty; conservation; status; distribution; protected-area; Kazakhstan; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; protected; area; 2500  
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  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 317 Serial 625  
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Author Lukarevskiy V.S. url 
  Title Peculiarities of communicative behavior of leopard, irbis, lynx, and caracal Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 200  
  Keywords Felidae; communicative behavioral; leopard; snow leopard; Lynx; caracal.; 7600; Russian  
  Abstract It gives the description of communicative behavioral system (visual, olfactory and vocal elements) for two groups of large Felidae species such as leopard-irbis and lynx-caracal. General and specific behavioral regularities are given.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Russia and neighbouring countries. Proceedings of the conference. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 738 Serial 627  
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