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Author Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A. url 
  Title Management and husbandry of the snow leopard Uncia uncia Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication International Zoo Yearbook Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 35 Issue Pages 139-147  
  Keywords breeding; captive-management; diet; enclosures; housing; husbandry; nutrition; veterinary-care; zoo; browse; veterinary; care; captive; management; 1290  
  Abstract The international studbook for the Snow leopard Uncia uncia was established in 1976. The species has been the focus of intensive captive management and as at 1 January 1992, 541 animals were maintained at 160 collections. This paper gives an overview of the diet, housing, breeding and captive management of the species with specific reference to animals maintained in North American collections. A summary of veterinary care reported in the Snow leopard captive-management survey is also given.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 331 Serial 1018  
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Author Worley, M.B. url 
  Title Hypogammaglobulinemia in snow leopards Type Book Chapter
  Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 129-130  
  Keywords captive; hypogammaglobulinemia; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1045 Serial 1029  
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Author Worley, M.B. url 
  Title Chronic liver disease in snow leopards: A possible viral etiology Type Book Chapter
  Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 131-133  
  Keywords captive; Chronic; Disease; etiology; International; Liver; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary; Viral; zoo  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1046 Serial 1030  
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Author Joslin, J.O.; Garner, M.; Collins, D.; Kamaka, E.; Sinabaldi, K.; Meleo, K.; Montali, R.; Sundberg, J.; Jenson, A.B.; Ghim, S.; Davidow, B.; Hargis, A.; West, K.; Clark, T.; Haines, D. url 
  Title Viral papilloma and squamous cell carcinomas in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication 2000 Proceedings AAZV & IAAAM Joint Conference Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 155-158  
  Keywords captive; snow leopard; squamous cell carcinoma; Uncia uncia; viral papilloma  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title AAZV & IAAAM Joint Conference  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 932 Serial 506  
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Author Begg, T. url 
  Title Nutritional bone disease in the snow leopard Type Book Chapter
  Year 1978 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 104-107  
  Keywords bone; captive; Disease; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; veterinary; zoo  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1047 Serial 125  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title Snow leopard register (1978) Type Book Chapter
  Year 1978 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol.1 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 132-140  
  Keywords captive; International; pedigree; register; snow leopard; zoo  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1027 Serial 144  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title Photos of snow leopards Type Book Chapter
  Year 1978 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 141-151  
  Keywords captive; captivity; International; pedigree; photo; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; zoo  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1051 Serial 145  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title The 1978 register for the captive population of snow leopards, Panthera uncia Type Journal Article
  Year 1979 Publication International Zoo News Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 26 Issue 7-8 Pages 17-23  
  Keywords captive; captive-population; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; population; snow leopard  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 955 Serial 147  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title The 1979 world register for the captive population of snow leopards, Panthera uncia Type Book Chapter
  Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 62-75  
  Keywords captive; captive-population; panthera uncia; snow leopard  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 997 Serial 150  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title The 1980 annual report of the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population and a review at the breeding results during the 1970's Type Report
  Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 32-50  
  Keywords zoo; Report; 1980; captive; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; population; breeding; 1970  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Helsinki Zoo Annual Report Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 998 Serial 154  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title The 1982 international captive snow leopard report Type Magazine Article
  Year 1983 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 1-1  
  Keywords captive; International; Report; snow leopard  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 957 Serial 159  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title Status of the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in 1987 Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1989 Publication International Zoo News Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 3-11  
  Keywords captive; panthera uncia; snow leopard; status  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 917 Serial 163  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title Three decades of Snow Leopards Panthera uncia in Captivity Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Int.Zoo Yearbook Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 34 Issue Pages 178-185  
  Keywords zoo; population; status; genetics; captive-animal-care; propogation; captivity; fertility; recruitment; mortality; browse; captive; Animal; care; 1360  
  Abstract The author reports the status of the captive population of snow leopards over the last three decades. Genetic and demographic information is also provided. The captive population as of 1992 was 541 leopards. klf. I  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 256 Serial 165  
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Author Blomqvist, L. url 
  Title Captive status of the snow leopard in Europe 2001 Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2003 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 27-30  
  Keywords captive; status; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 918 Serial 170  
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Author Burgener, N.; Gusset, M.; Schmid, H. url 
  Title Frustrated appetitive foraging behavior, stereotypic pacing, and fecal glucocorticoid levels in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Zurich Zoo Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 11 Issue Pages 74-83  
  Keywords behavior; captive; fecal; feeding strategy; physiological; snow leopard; zoo  
  Abstract This study hypothesized that permanently frustrated, appetitive-foraging behavior caused the stereotypic pacing regularly observed in captive carnivores. Using 2 adult female snow leopards (Uncia uncia), solitarily housed in the Zurich Zoo, the study tested this hypothesis experimentally with a novel feeding method: electronically controlled, time-regulated feeding boxes. The expected result of employing this active foraging device as a successful coping strategy was reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress, compared with a control-feeding regime without feeding boxes. The study assessed this through behavioral observations and by evaluating glucocorticoid levels noninvasively from feces. Results indicated that the 2 snow leopards did not perform successful coping behavior through exercising active foraging behavior or through displaying the stereotypic pacing. The data support a possible explanation: The box-feeding method did not provide the 2 snow leopards with the external stimuli to satisfy their appetitive behavioral needs. Moreover, numerous other factors not necessarily or exclusively related to appetitive behavior could have caused and influenced the stereotypic pacing.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 915 Serial 202  
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Author Clyde, V.L.; Ramsay, E.C.; Bemis, D.A. url 
  Title Fecal shedding of Salmonella in exotic felids Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication J.Zoo Wildl.Med Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 148-152  
  Keywords antibiotics; captive-animal-care; diarrhea; endangered; threatened-species; handling-methods; mammals parasites; Diseases; salmonella; zoos; snow-leopard; leopard; salmonellosis; husbandry; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; mammals; parasites; snow; browse; 1320  
  Abstract The authors discuss the occurrence of salmonellosis in collections of exotic felids. Data suggest that zoo employees having contact with cat feces or raw diets have a high rate of occupational exposure to Salmonella and should exercise appropriate hygienic precautions. pcp  
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  Notes Milwaukee Cty. Zoo, Milwaukee, WI 53226 Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 304 Serial 227  
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Author Espinosa-Aviles, D.; Taylor, M.L.; Del Rocio Reyes-Montes, M.; Pe'rez-Torrez, A. url 
  Title Molecular findings of disseminated histoplasmosis in two captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 39 Issue Pages 450-454  
  Keywords captive; histoplasmosis; Immunohistochemistry; Molecular; snow leopard; Uncia uncia  
  Abstract This paper reports two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia). Histoplasmosis was diagnosed based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular findings.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 907 Serial 268  
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Author Freeman, H. url 
  Title A preliminary study of the behaviour of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) Type Book Chapter
  Year 1974 Publication International Zoo Yearbook Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 15 Issue Pages 217-222  
  Keywords study; behaviour; captive; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; International; zoo  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1010 Serial 313  
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Author Freeman, H. url 
  Title The snow leopard, today and yesterday Type Book Chapter
  Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 2 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 37-43  
  Keywords captive; captive populations; captivity; International; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; zoo  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1049 Serial 316  
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Author Freeman, H. url 
  Title Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication Zoo Biology Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 1-22  
  Keywords behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600  
  Abstract Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 60 Serial 319  
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Author Kazensky, C.A.; Munson, L.; Seal, U.S.   
  Title The effects of melengestrol acetate on the ovaries of captive wild felids Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 29 Issue 1 Pages 1-5  
  Keywords Mga; zoo; felids; contraception; Melengestrol-acetate; ovaries; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; snow leopard; browse; uncia; panthera; melengestrol; acetate; 1260; effects; study; ovarian; Ovary; captive; wild; wild felid; Wild-Felid; species; Follicle; Cats; cat; recent; Ovulation; doses; Dose; action; Progestin; Disease; veterinary  
  Abstract Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is the most widely used contraceptive in zoo felids, but the mechanism of contraception and the pathologic effects have not been investigated. For this study, the effects of MGA on folliculogenesis were assessed, and the association of MGA with ovarian lesions was evaluated. Comparisons were made among the histopathologic findings in the ovaries from 88 captive wild felids (representing 15 species) divided into three groups: 37 currently contracepted with MGA, eight previously exposed to MGA, and 43 never contracepted. Ninety-one percent of the felids evaluated had tertiary follicles, and no differences were noted between contracepted and uncontracepted cats. Some MGA-contracepted cats also had corpora lutea indicating recent ovulation. These results indicate that folliculogenesis is not suppressed by current doses of MGA and ovulation occurred in some cats. Therefore, the contraceptive actions of MGA do not occur by suppressing folliculogenesis, and MGA-contracepted felids likely have endogenous estrogens that may confound progestin effects on the uterus. Cystic rete ovarii was the most common pathologic finding, but they were not more prevalent in MGA-contracepted cats. These findings indicate that MGA is not associated with ovarian disease, including ovarian cancer, in contrast to the uterine lesions noted in MGA-treated cats.  
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  Notes Document Type: English. Affiliation: Taylor Veterinary Hospital, Turlock , California 95382, USA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 348 Serial 527  
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Author Gaughan, M.; Doherty, J. url 
  Title Snow leopard rearing: Infant development with particular emphasis on play behaviour Type Book Chapter
  Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 121-126  
  Keywords behaviour; captive; development; International; rearing; snow leopard; zoo  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor Blomqvist, L.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1030 Serial 334  
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Author Guerrero, D. url 
  Title Animal behavior concerns & solutions: snow leopard (Uncia uncia) evaluation, zoo Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Anim.Keepers' Forum Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 56-58  
  Keywords aggressive-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; diets; endangered; threatened-species; genetics; handling-methods; intraspecies-relationships; social-behavior; husbandry; zoos; snow leopard; aggressive; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; methods; intraspecies; relationships; social; browse; 1310  
  Abstract The author offers advice on how a captive-raised snow leopard cub could be acclimated to humans so it could be used as a zoo “ambassador”. The cub had negative experiences with humans and lacked socialization with other animals and conspecifics. Methods of avoiding and redirecting the cub's aggressive behavior are suggested. lgh.  
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  Notes Ark Anim., Inc., P.O. Box 1154, Escondido, CA 92033-1154. e-mail: arkabc@arkanimals.com Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 338 Serial 358  
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Author Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M. url 
  Title Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Zoo Biology Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 223-237  
  Keywords Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390  
  Abstract An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 279 Serial 345  
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Author Anonymous url 
  Title She's all washed up Type Newspaper Article
  Year 1980 Publication New York Daily News Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue 1 January Pages  
  Keywords snow leopard, captive, Bronx Zoo, New York  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Photograph Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1208  
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