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Adhikari, J.N. |
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Title |
Ecological Study of the Snow leopard Uncia uncia (Schreber, 1778) in Langtang National Park, Nepal |
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2004 |
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1-53 |
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Nepal is a country of great natural beauty and of a rich cultural heritage. Nepal has always been a source of great attraction for her beautiful gifts mountains, landscapes, lakes, waterfalls, hillsides and green villages serrated in the form of an endless series of terraces. The entire northern border has silvery peaks of Himalayas and the country is the home of perpetual snow (Majupuria and Majupuria 1999) while southern flank is green mountains of Mahabharata with different size valleys and river duns. Even further south lays fragile lower mountains of Churiya and a little Bhavar and Tarai flat land adjoining to India.
Nepal, a country having peculiar diverse fauna and flora lies between China on the north and India on the east, west and south. It stands on latitude 26°22' to 30°27' N north and its longitude is between 80°4' to 88°12'E east. Its altitude varies from 60 – 220 m in the south rising to north up to world highest peak of Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) 8848 m. Nepal covers of 141,577 sq km land mass with a mean breadth of 200 km provides an opportunity of diverse climate zones from subtropical to nival with sharp microclimatic condition due to its topography. Within this small area, the country has all possible landform features of the earth except the volcanic and coral islands and marine (Sharma 1999). The country experience difference in climate, wild flora and fauna as variation bestowed to physiographic condition.
Nepal lies at the transition between the Palearctic and Indo-Malayan biogeographical realms that contributed a large biological diversity in the country. More than 144 species of spiders, 5052 species of insects, 635 species of butterflies, 2,253 species of moths are on the record. The vertebrates fauna also in diverse form; 184 species of fishes (31 families and 11 orders); 43 species of amphibians (one salamander, four toads and 38 frogs Species); 100 species of reptiles (24 lizards, 4 turtle, two crocodiles and 60 snakes species); 861 species of birds (18 orders); 181 species of mammals (12 orders and 39 families) (BPP 1995 (h), Chaudhary 1998, Majupuria and Majupuria 1998, Shrestha 2003).
There are 16 protected areas in Nepal and among them 3 conservation areas and 5 National Parks lies on northern mountainous zone. Langtang National Park (LNP) is in the central Himalayan region of Nepal, 132 km north of the capital, Kathmandu, bordering, in the northeast, Tibet autonomous region of China. Langtang Lirung (7,245m) is the highest point in the park while lowest elevations drop to about 1,000m on the banks of the BhoteKoshi-Trisuli River. LNP is the second largest mountain National Park of Nepal, which covers 1710 km2 in three districts: Rasuwa, Nuwakot and Sindhupalchowk of Bagmati zone in Nepal. LNP recorded 46 species of mammals including those typical of the area, such as pika, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan Thar, leopard, ghoral, serow, snow leopard, clouded leopard, musk deer and three species of monkeys; Rhesus monkeys, hanuman langur and Assamese monkeys (Chalise 2003). Besides above, 345 species of Birds, 11 species of Herpetofauna, 30 species of fishes, 58 species of butterflies and 10 species of spiders are also recorded (BPP 1995, Khatiwada 2002). My study is focused on one of rarest and protected mountain species, the Snow Leopard. |
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Master's thesis |
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Kathmandu, Nepal |
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English |
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Central Department of Zoology, Ecology Program, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal |
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1324 |
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Author |
Anonymous |
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Title |
Nepali newspaper article reporting on snow leopard study |
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Newspaper Article |
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Year |
2004 |
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28 February |
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1 |
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Nepal, Chlise, Keyes |
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Nepalese |
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1135 |
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Author |
Anonymous |
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Title |
Tighter controls needed to curb increasing threats to snow leopards |
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Report |
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2004 |
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Endangered Species Scientific Newsletter |
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January |
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1 |
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15-18 |
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Chinese |
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1152 |
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Author |
Aromov B. |
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Title |
Hissar state nature reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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2004 |
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143-145 |
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Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; mammals; birds; amphibians; reptiles; number; snow leopard; Lynx; bear; wild boar; ibex.; 6090; Russian |
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Presented is history of the Hissar nature reserve's establishment, physic and geographic description, types of soils, flora and fauna The 28 species of mammals, 103 nested birds, 19 amphibians and reptiles and 2 fishes are presented in nature reserve. Number of snow leopard assessed as 2-3 families, bear 130 individuals, wild boar 460, Turkestan lynx 90,ibex 1700 individuals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecological news. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 588 |
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101 |
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Author |
Bagchi, S.; Mishra, C.; Bhatnagar, Y. |
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Title |
Conflicts between traditional pastoralism and conservation of Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) in the Trans-Himalayan mountains |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
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Animal Conservation |
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7 |
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121-128 |
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conflicts; traditional pastoralism; himalayan ibex; ibex; capra sibirica; trans-himalayan mountains; pin valley national park; spiti region; non-metric multidimensional scaling; snow leopard; wolf; wild dog; Lynx; wild ass; Tibetan argali; Tibetan antelope; Tibetan gazelle; urial; bharal; Pin River; pin valley; Parahio; goat; sheep; Cattle; horses; yaks; donkeys; diet; free-ranging horses; herded horses; grazing; 5290 |
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There is recent evidence to suggest that domestic livestock deplete the density and diversity of wild herbivores in the cold deserts of the Trans-Himalaya by imposing resource limitations. To ascertain the degree and nature of threats faced by Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) from seven livestock species, we studied their resource use patterns over space, habitat and food dimensions in the pastures of Pin Valley National Park in the Spiti region of the Indian Himalaya. Species diet profiles were obtained by direct observations. We assessed the similarity in habitat use and diets of ibex and livestock using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling. We estimated the influence of the spatial distribution of livestock on habitat and diet choice of ibex by examining their co-occurrence patterns in cells overlaid on the pastures. The observed co-occurrence of ibex and livestock in cells was compared with null-models generated through Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that goats and sheep impose resource limitations on ibex and exclude them from certain pastures. In the remaining suitable habitat, ibex share forage with horses. Ibex remained relatively unaffected by other livestock such as yaks, donkeys and cattle. However, most livestock removed large amounts of forage from the pastures (nearly 250 kg of dry matter/day by certain species), thereby reducing forage availability for ibex. Pertinent conservation issues are discussed in the light of multiple-use of parks and current socio-economic transitions in the region, which call for integrating social and ecological feedback into management planning. |
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Document Type: English |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 514 |
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106 |
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Author |
Bai, Y. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Poaching and Trafficking Trade Survey Project Progress Reports in Xinjiang, China |
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2004 |
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China |
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Chinese |
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Yunwen Bai |
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1370 |
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Author |
Bowling, B. |
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Title |
The Legal Status of Snow Leopards in Afghanistan |
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Miscellaneous |
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2004 |
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legal; snow leopard; Afghanistan; Cities; Cbd; Convention on Biological Diversity; 5740 |
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United Nations Environment Programme |
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SLN @ rana @ 502 |
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188 |
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Author |
Bykova E.A. |
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Title |
Method of questionnaire design used for the collecting of primary data on threatened species with the example of snow leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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2004 |
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208-214 |
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Uzbekistan; questionnaire based method; distribution; number; food; behavior; poaching; snow leopard.; 6410; Russian |
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Method of questionnaire design is used for long time successfully in the various fields of zoological research. This method is most significant for the collecting of data on threatened species. It can be applied together with standard inquest and survey methods without taking remarkable financial and temporal expenses. Such data can be assigned as the base for further planning of scientific investigations of the threatened species. In the result of survey, there were gathered 96 records of Snow Leopard and its tracks of the vital functions on Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkestan and Hissar ridges. Majority of records was made on Hissar ridge either on the area of Hissar reserve, either outside of protected area. There was collected data on distribution of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan, on its territorial and food behavior, cases and causes of poaching. As a conclusion, it seems to be rational to use the method of questionnaire design among rangers of protected areas and local inhabitants for the collecting of primary information on threatened animal species. It would be optimal to gather such data every 3-4 years that would allow receiving the fresh comparable year-by-year information. Interpretation of questionnaire data should be made with certain prudence, taking into account subjectivity of collected information. Therefore during gathering of questionnaire data it is desirable personal attendance of researcher for more accurate definition of answers on the presented questions. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. |
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SLN @ rana @ 619 |
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205 |
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Author |
Dyikanova, C. |
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Title |
A public awareness outreach programme on Snow Leopards for the Kyrgyz Republic, Final Report |
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2004 |
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1-4 |
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project; awareness; local; local people; people; staff; Base; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; ecology; threats; threat; Kyrgyzstan; regional; areas; area; public; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; community |
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The principle goal of the project was to raise awareness of local people, staff of frontier posts,
customs and foreign military base on snow leopard, and its conservation. In the framework of the
project the following steps were to be executed:
A) To disseminate printing materials: a booklet, poster, card and calendar.
b) To publish articles on snow leopard ecology and conservation issues and threats in
Kyrgyzstan regional newspapers (Issyk-Kul, Osh, and Chui areas)
C) To hold follow-up meeting with target groups
D) To evaluate project results |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Community and Business Forum, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1066 |
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248 |
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Author |
Esipov A.V. |
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Title |
Ugam Chatkal State Nature Park |
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Miscellaneous |
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2004 |
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N1 |
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46-47 |
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Uzbekistan; Ugam Chatkal Nature Park; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; numerous species; ibex.; 6660; Russian |
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There are endangered species as bear, snow leopard and Menzbier's marmot recorded in Western Tien Shan mountains. Wild boar, Siberian ibex, roe deer, wolf, badger, porcupine and red fox are rather numerous species on this area. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecological News Journal. |
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SLN @ rana @ 644 |
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261 |
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