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Author Bo, W.   
  Title Snow Leopard Smuggling Aborted Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords China; hunting; poaching; trade; pelts; skins; coats; fur; bones; meat; browse; 4010  
  Abstract Full Text:

Xining, China Daily, Jan. 31--Police have detained a man for trying to smuggle two dead snow leopards, an endangered species under State protection, through the Xining Railway Station in Northwest China's Qinghai Province. Ma Deliang was stopped by police after he attempted to pass the butchered snow leopards off as beef at a shop in Sichuan Province. Ma later confessed that he bought the dead snow leopards at a local market and wanted to smuggle them to Deyang in Sichuan Province. Police also searched Ma's home and found dear heads, antlers and lynx and fox furs. Snow leopards live in highlands of altitudes between 3,000 to 6,000 metres above sea level. The population of the species has dwindled greatly since the 19th century.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 376 Serial 176  
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Author Bold, A.; Dorzhzunduy, S.   
  Title Report on Snow Leopards in the Southern Spurs of the Gobi Altai Type Conference Article
  Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue Pages 27-43  
  Keywords gobi; Altai; Altay; status; distribution; browse; 2690; Russian  
  Abstract Estimates a population of 170-230 snow leopard within an area of 6600 km2 in Southern Gobi  
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  Notes In Russian Title, Monographic: Proceedings of Institute of General and Experimental Biology Place of Meeting: Ulaanbaator Date of Copyright: 1976 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 30 Serial 186  
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Author Bower, J.N. url 
  Title Shy, elusive, struggling to survive: the snow leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication The Explorer Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 9-11  
  Keywords snow leopard  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 985 Serial 187  
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Author Braden, K. url 
  Title The Geographical Distribution of the Snow Leopard in the USSR: Maps of Areas of Snow Leopard Habitation in the USSR Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 25-39  
  Keywords Russia; Ussr; U.S.S.R.; Soviet-Union; status; distribution; maps; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; habitat; 2320  
  Abstract Reviews published information from the USSR vs past status of the snow leopard in various parts of its range within that country. Maps provide locations in the USSR of evidence of snow leopard occurence from published records of the species over the last 100 yrs.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 64 Serial 189  
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Author Braden, K. url 
  Title Snow leopard conservation in the USSR Type Magazine Article
  Year 1988 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Fall Issue Pages 2-2  
  Keywords conservation; snow leopard; Ussr  
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  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 962 Serial 191  
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Author Broder, J.; MacFadden, A.; Cosens, L.; Rosenstein, D.; Harrison, T. url 
  Title Use of Positive Reinforcement Conditioning to Monitor Pregnancy in an Unanesthetized Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) via Transabdominal Ultrasound Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Zoo Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 27 Issue Pages 78-85  
  Keywords desensitization; fetal development; operant conditioning; pregnancy detection; primiparous; snow leopard; zoo  
  Abstract Closely monitoring snow leopard (Uncia uncia) fetal developments via transabdominal ultrasound, with minimal stress to the animal, was the goal of this project. The staff at Potter Park Zoo has used the principles of habituation, desensitization, and positive reinforcement to train a female snow leopard (U. uncia). Ultrasound examinations were preformed on an unanesthetized feline at 63 and 84 days. The animal remained calm and compliant throughout both procedures. Fetuses were observed and measured on both occasions. The absence of anesthesia eliminated components of psychologic and physiologic stress associated with sedation. This was the first recorded instance of transabdominal ultrasound being carried out on an unanesthetized snow leopard. It documents the feasibility of detecting pregnancy and monitoring fetal development via ultrasound.  
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  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 905 Serial 196  
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Author Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H. url 
  Title Steroid Metabolism and the Effectiveness of Fecal Assays for Assessing Reproductive Status in Felids Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Biology of Reproduction Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 50 Issue suppl 1 Pages 185  
  Keywords fecal-analysis; breeding; reproduction; medicine; medical; zoo; zoos; veterinary; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; fecal; analysis; 1420  
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  Notes Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, July 24-27, 1994 Call Number: QP251 .B56 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 203 Serial 197  
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Author Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H. url 
  Title Comparative Aspects of Steroid Hormone Metabolism and Ovarian Activity in Felids, Measured Noninvasively in Feces Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Biol Reprod Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 776-786  
  Keywords Animal; Carbon; Radioisotopes; Carnivora; Cats; Chromatography; High; Pressure; Liquid; Comparative Study; Estradiol; metabolism; Estrone; feces; chemistry; Female; Ovary; physiology; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Pseudopregnancy; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; non; government; gov't; us; 170  
  Abstract Noninvasive fecal assays were used to study steroid metabolism and ovarian activity in several felid species. Using the domestic cat (Felis catus) as model, the excretory products of injected [14C]estradiol (E2) and [14C]progesterone (P4) were determined. Within 2 days, 97.0 +/- 0.6% and 96.7 +/- 0.5% of recovered E2 and P4 radioactivity, respectively, was found in feces. E2 was excreted as unconjugated estradiol and estrone (40%) and as a non-enzyme- hydrolyzable conjugate (60%). P4 was excreted primarily as non-enzyme- hydrolyzable, conjugated metabolites (78%) and as unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. A simple method for extracting fecal steroid metabolites optimized extraction efficiencies of the E2 and P4 excretion products (90.1 +/- 0.8% and 87.2 +/- 1.4%, respectively). Analysis of HPLC fractions of extracted fecal samples from the radiolabel-injected domestic cats revealed that E2 immunoreactivity coincided primarily with the unconjugated metabolized [14C]E2 peak, whereas progestogen immunoreactivity coincided with a single conjugated epimer and multiple unconjugated pregnenolone epimers. After HPLC separation, similar immunoreactive E2 and P4 metabolite profiles were observed in the leopard cat (F. bengalensis), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), and snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Longitudinal analyses demonstrated that changes in fecal E2 and P4 metabolite concentrations reflected natural or artificially induced ovarian activity. For example, severalfold increases in E2 excretion were associated with overt estrus or exogenous gonadotropin treatment, and elevated fecal P4 metabolite concentrations occurred during pregnant and nonpregnant (pseudopregnant) luteal phases. Although overall concentrations were similar, the duration of elevated fecal P4 metabolites during pseudopregnancy was approximately half that observed during pregnancy. In summary, steroid metabolism mechanisms appear to be conserved among these physically diverse, taxonomically related species. Results indicate that this hormone-monitoring approach will be extremely useful for elucidating the hormonal regulatory mechanism associated with the reproductive cycle, pregnancy, and parturition of intractable and endangered felid species.  
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  ISSN 0006-3363 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 251 Serial 198  
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Author Burgener, N.; Gusset, M.; Schmid, H. url 
  Title Frustrated appetitive foraging behavior, stereotypic pacing, and fecal glucocorticoid levels in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Zurich Zoo Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2008 Publication Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue Pages 74-83  
  Keywords behavior; captive; fecal; feeding strategy; physiological; snow leopard; zoo  
  Abstract This study hypothesized that permanently frustrated, appetitive-foraging behavior caused the stereotypic pacing regularly observed in captive carnivores. Using 2 adult female snow leopards (Uncia uncia), solitarily housed in the Zurich Zoo, the study tested this hypothesis experimentally with a novel feeding method: electronically controlled, time-regulated feeding boxes. The expected result of employing this active foraging device as a successful coping strategy was reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress, compared with a control-feeding regime without feeding boxes. The study assessed this through behavioral observations and by evaluating glucocorticoid levels noninvasively from feces. Results indicated that the 2 snow leopards did not perform successful coping behavior through exercising active foraging behavior or through displaying the stereotypic pacing. The data support a possible explanation: The box-feeding method did not provide the 2 snow leopards with the external stimuli to satisfy their appetitive behavioral needs. Moreover, numerous other factors not necessarily or exclusively related to appetitive behavior could have caused and influenced the stereotypic pacing.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 915 Serial 202  
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Author Burrard, G.   
  Title Big Game Hunting in the Himalayas and Tibet Type Book Whole
  Year 1925 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords hunting; big-game; Tibet; Himalayas; browse; big; game; 1860  
  Abstract  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher H. Jenkinns Place of Publication London Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 11 Serial 203  
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