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Author |
Sloane, A.; Kelly, C.; McDavitt, S.; Marples, N. |
Title |
Big cats in captivity: a quantitative analysis of enrichment |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Adv.Etho |
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33 |
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Pages |
43 |
Keywords |
abnormal-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; zoos; enrichment; abnormal; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; browse; 1280; study; big; big cats; Cats; cat; zoo; effects; Lions; lion; jaguar; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; behaviour; using; activity; activities; change; presence; enclosures; range; scent; cage; horse; hides; management |
Abstract |
Studies on three species of big cats at Dublin Zoo have led to firm conclusions about the effects of certain forms of enrichment, some of which will be presented here. Lions, jaguars, and snow leopards were studied over two years and their behaviours quantified using focal animal sampling during selected hours during daylight. By comparison of these activity budgets with and without the enrichments being present, it was possible to identify the exact behavioural changes caused by each enrichment method, and to quantify these changes. In this contribution we present results showing that the presence of a platform in both lion and jaguar enclosures dramatically reduced stereotypic pacing behaviour. We will demonstrate that the effects of short term enrichment devices may have a wide range of effects on behaviours which outlast the presence of the stimulus. For instance scents added to the cage, or food/play items such as horse hides, hidden fish or ice-blocks often reduce pacing and increase resting later in the day, even after the cats have ceased using the enrichment items. This reduction in pacing and increase in resting time often meant that the amount of the enclosure used per hour was actually reduced with the presence of new stimuli, as result opposite to what might have been expected. The results of these studies will be discussed in relation to effective animal management. |
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WILDLIFE REVIEW ABSTRACTS (“Contributions to the International Symposium on Physiology and Ethology of Wild and Zoo Animals, Berlin, Germany, 7-10 October 1998”; Hofer, Heribert; Pitra, Christian; Hofmann, Reinhold R., editors). |
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SLN @ rana @ 349 |
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897 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
Title |
Snow Leopard News Spring 1999 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1999 |
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Snow Leopard News |
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Chitrol-Gol; Pakistan; Turner-foundation-grant; zoos; cooperation; conservation; Islt; Jackson; Slims; Singh; indictator-species; prey; browse; 4400 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Chitrol Gol National Park, Pakistan Febuary 19992.ISLT Recieves Turner Foundation Grant3.ISLT and Zoos Continue Link for Conservation Success4.News and Notes5.Field Notes6.Jay Singh7.Snow Leopard Spot |
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SLN @ rana @ 428 |
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925 |
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Author |
Turner, L. |
Title |
Oklahoma City Zoo-Twenty Nine Snow Leopards |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards |
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2 |
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96-111 |
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zoos; captivity; husbandry; zoo; breeding; housing; browse; 3690 |
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Discusses breeding, housing, aquisition, history |
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SLN @ rana @ 66 |
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974 |
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Author |
Wemmer, C.; Sunquist, M. |
Title |
Felid Reintroductions: Economic and Energetic Considerations |
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Conference Article |
Year |
1988 |
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193-205 |
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reintroduction; captivity; breeding; conservation; zoo; zoos; browse; 1770 |
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Reintroduction and captive breeding are often touted as panaceas for extinction in the wild. The populace at large, educated insuch matters by the mass media, places great faith in such wildlife technology. Furthermore, the wildlife professionals who develope recovery and managemnt plans for endangered species often include a section on reintroduction and sometimes advocate captive breeding as a source of colonizing stock. |
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International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
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India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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SLN @ rana @ 135 |
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1014 |
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Wharton, D.; Freeman, H. |
Title |
The Snow Leopard in North America: Captive Breeding Under the Species Survival PLan |
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Conference Article |
Year |
1988 |
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131-136 |
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Species-Survival-Plan; captivity; breeding; genetics; zoos; studs; captive; browse; species; survival; plan; 1720 |
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International Snow Leoaprd Trust and WIldlife Institute of India |
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India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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SLN @ rana @ 134 |
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1016 |
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Author |
Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A. |
Title |
Captive Management of the Snow Leopard |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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135-148 |
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zoos; captivity; captive; management; husbandry; diet; social; behavior; housing; habitat; breeding; status; distribution; parasites; vaccination; quarantine; Disease; medical; veterinary; medicine; ceasarean; hand-rearing; browse; hand rearing; hand; rearing; 3550 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 265 |
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1017 |
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Author |
Xinchun, M. |
Title |
Distribution in the wild and the captive raising of snow leopards in Xinjiang, China |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
1994 |
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157-162 |
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distribution; habitat; ibex; blue-sheep; argali; hides; skins; pelts; furs; coats; zoos; zoo; China; captivity; care; husbandry; feeding; diet; housing; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; 3770 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 267 |
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1031 |
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Author |
Yanfa, L.; Huanwen, L. |
Title |
A preliminary study on the rearing and breeding of ounce |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1986 |
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Acta Theriologica Sinica |
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6 |
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2 |
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93-99 |
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captivity; husbandry; zoos; breeding; reproduction; mating; rearing; browse; 3710; Chinese |
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China |
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Document Type: Chinese |
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SLN @ rana @ 96 |
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1045 |
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Author |
Yanfa, L. |
Title |
The care, breeding and diseases of snow leopards in Qinghai, China |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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167-175 |
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China; zoos; captivity; care; management; cages; cage; housing; behavior; reproduction; mating; courting; Pregnancy; birthing; estrus; development; medical; physiological; Disease; medicine; parasites; parasitism; respiratory; virulent; enteritis; browse; 3430 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 261 |
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1048 |
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