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Author | Ahmad, A. | ||||
Title | Protection of Snow Leopards through Grazier Communities:Some Examples from WWF-Pakistan's Projects in the Northern Areas | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 265-272 | ||
Keywords | conservation; Pakistan; Wwf; world-wildlife-fund; livestock; herders; herder; status; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; Dir; chitral; predator; prey; grazier; pelt; fur; coat; skin; poaching; Khunjerab; Marco-Polo-sheep; ibex; markhor; hunting; browse; protected; area; sheep; Marco-Polo; 2040 | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards occur near the snow line in northern Pakistan in the districts of Swat, Dir and Chitral of the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Muzaffarabad district in Azad Kashmir and Gilgit and Baltistan districts in the Northern Areas. Although a number of protected areas are present in the form of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves (Table 1) where legal protection is available to all wildlife species, including snow leopards, the status of this endangered species is not improving satisfactorily. The reasons are many and range from direct persecution by livestock owners to the less than strict management of protected areas. Because of remote and inaccessible locations and lack of proper communication with local communities, government officials and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with conservation find it difficult to obtain statistics on mortality of snow leopards. However, the killing of snow leopards is not uncommon. Because of the close and long-term association between local villagers and snow leopards, it is only through the support and cooperation of these peoples that protection of this endangered species can be assured against most of the existing threats. The effects of such cooperation has been clearly shown through some of the conservation projects of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – Pakistan. Details of such projects and certain lessons that can be learned from these and similar projects are discussed in this paper. |
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Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 209 | Serial | 40 | ||
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Author | Ahmad, I.; Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | A Snow Leopard and Prey Species Survey in Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 92-95 | ||
Keywords | Slims; Islt; Wwf; predator; prey; Pakistan; Khunjerab; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Marco-Polo-sheep; blue-sheep; surveys; survey; transect; sighn; markings; marking; scrape; spray; ibex; tracks; pug marks; feces; livestock; kill; herder; herders; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; world wildlife fund; marco polo sheep; marco polo; pug; marks; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2810 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Lahore, Pakistan | Editor | R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 300 | Serial | 42 | ||
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Author | Ale, S.B.; Yonzon, P.; Thapa, K. | ||||
Title | Recovery of snow leopard Uncia uncia in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 41 | Issue | Pages | 89-92 | |
Keywords | Nepal; recovery; Sagarmatha Mount Everest National Park; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; surveys; survey; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia-uncia; valley; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; using; information; management; system; research; transects; transect; sign; areas; area; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; 40; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; location; recent; species; grazing; land; Forest; habitat; domestic; wild; ungulates; ungulate; livestock; tourism; development; traditional; land use; land-use; use; wildlife | ||||
Abstract | From September to November 2004 we conducted surveys of snow leopard Uncia uncia signs in three major valleys in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park in Nepal using the Snow Leopard Information Management System, a standardized survey technique for snow leopard research. We walked 24 transects covering c. 14 km and located 33 sites with 56 snow leopard signs, and 17 signs incidentally in other areas. Snow leopards appear to have re-inhabited the Park, following their disappearance c. 40 years ago, apparently following the recovery of Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus chrysogaster populations. Taken together the locations of all 73 recent snow leopard signs indicate that the species is using predominantly grazing land and shrubland/ open forest at elevations of 3,000-5,000 m, habitat types that are also used by domestic and wild ungulates. Sagarmatha is the homeland of c. 3,500 Buddhist Sherpas with .3,000 livestock. Along with tourism and associated developments in Sagarmatha, traditional land use practices could be used to ensure coexistence of livestock and wildlife, including the recovering snow leopards, and ensure the wellbeing of the Sherpas. | ||||
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Notes | http://www.snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/Ale_2007.pdf | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 884 | Serial | 58 | ||
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Author | Alexander, J. S., Agvaantseren, B., Gongor, E., Mijiddorj, T. N., Piaopiao, T., Stephen Redpath, S., Young, J., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Assessing the Effectiveness of a Community-based Livestock Insurance Program | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Environmental Management | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Large carnivores, Snow leopard conservation, Human-wildlife conflicts, Livestock insurance, Community conservation, Human-wildlife co-existence, Snow leopard | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1635 | |||
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Author | Anonymous | ||||
Title | Central Asian Republic Snow Leopard Specialists Plan Joint Conservation Strategy | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | |||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Uzbekistan; Russia; Asia-Irbis; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Tajikistan; poaching; habitat; habitat-degradation; trade; skins; pelts; coat; fur; bones; medicine; status; hunting; ibex; marmots; Islt; Gyssar; Nabu; Wwf; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; degradation; world wildlife fund; international snow leopard trust; asia; irbis; 3950 | ||||
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Notes | Full text at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1 | Serial | 75 | ||
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Author | Anonymous | ||||
Title | Indian Wildlife Protection Act | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
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Keywords | conservation; protection; India; browse; 1840; indian; wildlife | ||||
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Notes | Natraj Publishers, Dehradun, India Date of Meeting: (1992) Date of Copyright: 1992 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 179 | Serial | 76 | ||
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Author | Anonymous | ||||
Title | Snow leopard management plan of Mongolia (draft) | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-18 | ||
Keywords | snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; management; plan; Mongolia; Report; world wildlife fund; world-wildlife-fund; wildlife; country; countries; Uvs; protected; protected area; protected-area; area; administration; nature; environment; 2000 | ||||
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Notes | Report prepared in collaboration among the World Wildlife Fund Mongolia country office, Uvs Nuur Protected Area Administration, the Ministry of Nature and the Environment, and concerned agencies and individuals. March 2000. Draft. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 993 | Serial | 91 | ||
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Author | Arias, M., Coals, P., Ardiantiono, Elves-Powell, J., Rizzolo, J. B., Ghoddousi, A., Boron, V., da Silva, M., Naude, V., Williams, V., Poudel, S., Loveridge, A., Payan, E., Suryawanshi, K., Dickman, A. | ||||
Title | Reflecting on the role of human-felid conflict and local use in big cat trade | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2024 | Publication | Conservation Science and Practice | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue | e13030 | Pages | 1-7 |
Keywords | conflict, illegal trade, jaguar, leopard, lion, Panthera, snow leopard, tiger, wildlife crime | ||||
Abstract | Illegal trade in big cat (Panthera spp.) body parts is a prominent topic in scientific and public discourses concerning wildlife conservation. While illegal trade is generally acknowledged as a threat to big cat species, we suggest that two enabling factors have, to date, been under-considered. To that end, we discuss the roles of human-felid conflict, and “local” use in illegal trade in big cat body parts. Drawing examples from across species and regions, we look at generalities, contextual subtleties, ambiguities, and definitional complexities. We caution against underestimating the extent of “local” use of big cats and highlight the potential of conflict killings to supply body parts. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1745 | ||
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Author | Aromov B. | ||||
Title | The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Hissar Nature Reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 108-109 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; diet; breeding.; 6070; Russian; work; Data; biology; snow; snow-leopard; leopard; nature; reserve; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; times; tracks; pugmarks; Feed; ibex; kills; kill; Age; records; predation; Case; horses; horse; marmot; Himalayan; domestic; goat; wild; wild boar; sheep; Cattle; attack | ||||
Abstract | The work contains data on biology snow leopard in Hissar nature reserve, Uzbekistan. The number of snow leopards in this reserve has increased from two or four in 1981 to between 13 and 17 individuals in 1994. Since 1981, snow leopards have been sighted 72 times and their tracks or pugmarks 223 times. In the Hissar Nature Reserve snow leopards largely feed on ibex. Over a period of 14 years, 92 kills and remains of ibex aged from one to thirteen years of age have been examined. Other records of predation, by the number of events observed, include 33 cases of juvenile and mature horses, 25 long-tailed marmot (Marmota caudata). 18 Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayemis), 17 domestic goat, 13 wild boar (Sus scrofa), five domestic sheep and three incidents involving cattle. Twenty-two attacks on domestic flocks were reported, and these occurred during both the daytime and at night. Snow leopards usually mate between the 20th of February and March 20th. The offspring are born in late April to May, and there are usually two per litter (23 encounters), although a single litter of three has also been recorded. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 586 | Serial | 99 | ||
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Author | Aromov B. | ||||
Title | Hissar state nature reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 143-145 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; mammals; birds; amphibians; reptiles; number; snow leopard; Lynx; bear; wild boar; ibex.; 6090; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Presented is history of the Hissar nature reserve's establishment, physic and geographic description, types of soils, flora and fauna The 28 species of mammals, 103 nested birds, 19 amphibians and reptiles and 2 fishes are presented in nature reserve. Number of snow leopard assessed as 2-3 families, bear 130 individuals, wild boar 460, Turkestan lynx 90,ibex 1700 individuals. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecological news. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 588 | Serial | 101 | ||
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Author | Aromov, B. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Hissar Nature Reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue 3 | Issue | Pages | 121-125 | |
Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; population estimate; diet; wild ibex; livestock; rut; cubs; competitors.; 6080; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Data on distribution, number, diet and breeding of snow leopard in NW spurs of the Hissar Ridge were collected over long-term studies in the span from 1981 to 1994. An increase in the number of this animal from 4 to 17 individuals has been recorded in the Hissar Nature Reserve (Uzbekistan). | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of Nature Reserves in Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 587 | Serial | 100 | ||
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Author | Aryal, A. | ||||
Title | Final Report On Demography and Causes of Mortality of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve in Nepal | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-53 | ||
Keywords | Report; mortality; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; Dhorpatan; hunting; reserve; Nepal; biodiversity; research; training; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; program; population; Population-Density; density; densities; change; Sex; study; area; High; poaching; Pressure; reducing; number; predators; predator; poison; wolf; wolves; canis; Canis-lupus; lupus; wild; wild boar; prey; prey species; prey-species; species; scats; scat; value; fox; cover; deer; diet; leopards; pika; snow leopards; snow-leopards; soil; Relationship | ||||
Abstract | A total of 206 individual Blue sheep Pseudois nayaur were estimated in Barse and Phagune blocks of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR) and population density was 1.8 Blue sheep/sq.km. There was not significant change in population density from last 4 decades. An average 7 animals/herd (SD-5.5) were classified from twenty nine herds, sheep per herds varying from 1 to 37. Blue sheep has classified into sex ratio on an average 75 male/100females was recorded in study area. The sex ratio was slightly lower but not significantly different from the previous study. Population of Blue sheep was seen stable or not decrease even there was high poaching pressure, the reason may be reducing the number of predators by poison and poaching which has supported to increase blue sheep population. Because of reducing the predators Wolf Canis lupus, Wild boar population was increasing drastically in high rate and we can observed wild boar above the tree line of DHR. The frequency of occurrence of different prey species in scats of different predators shows that, excluding zero values, the frequencies of different prey species were no significantly different (ö2= 10.3, df = 49, p > 0.05). Most of the scats samples (74%) of Snow leopard, Wolf, Common Leopard, Red fox's cover one prey species while two and three species were present in 18% and 8%, respectively. Barking deer Muntiacus muntjak was the most frequent (18%) of total diet composition of common leopards. Pika Ochotona roylei was the most frequent (28%), and Blue sheep was in second position for diet of snow leopards which cover 21% of total diet composition. 13% of diet covered non-food item such as soil, stones, and vegetable. Pika was most frequent on Wolf and Red fox diet which covered 32% and 30% respectively. There was good positive relationship between the scat density and Blue sheep consumption rate, increasing the scat density, increasing the Blue sheep consumption rate. Blue sheep preference by different predators such as Snow leopard, Common leopard, Wolf and Red fox were 20%, 6%, 13% and 2% of total prey species respectively. |
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Notes | The Biodiversity Research and Training Forum (BRTF) Nepal. Email: savefauna@yahoo.com Submitted to Snow Leopard Conservation Grants Program, USA. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1064 | Serial | 104 | ||
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Author | Bacha, M.S. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard recovery program for Kishtwar High Altitude National Park Jammu and Kashmir State 1986-7 to 1989-90 | Type | Report | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-58 | ||
Keywords | Jammu; Kashmir; national park; protection; recovery; snow leopard; wildlife | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Srinagar, Kashmir | Editor | ||
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Notes | Department of Wildlife Protection, Jammu and Kashmir State, Srinagar. Report prepared by Research Officer Mr. M. Shafi Bacha. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 946 | Serial | 105 | ||
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Author | Bagchi, S.; Mishra, C.; Bhatnagar, Y. | ||||
Title | Conflicts between traditional pastoralism and conservation of Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) in the Trans-Himalayan mountains | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 7 | Issue | Pages | 121-128 | |
Keywords | conflicts; traditional pastoralism; himalayan ibex; ibex; capra sibirica; trans-himalayan mountains; pin valley national park; spiti region; non-metric multidimensional scaling; snow leopard; wolf; wild dog; Lynx; wild ass; Tibetan argali; Tibetan antelope; Tibetan gazelle; urial; bharal; Pin River; pin valley; Parahio; goat; sheep; Cattle; horses; yaks; donkeys; diet; free-ranging horses; herded horses; grazing; 5290 | ||||
Abstract | There is recent evidence to suggest that domestic livestock deplete the density and diversity of wild herbivores in the cold deserts of the Trans-Himalaya by imposing resource limitations. To ascertain the degree and nature of threats faced by Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) from seven livestock species, we studied their resource use patterns over space, habitat and food dimensions in the pastures of Pin Valley National Park in the Spiti region of the Indian Himalaya. Species diet profiles were obtained by direct observations. We assessed the similarity in habitat use and diets of ibex and livestock using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling. We estimated the influence of the spatial distribution of livestock on habitat and diet choice of ibex by examining their co-occurrence patterns in cells overlaid on the pastures. The observed co-occurrence of ibex and livestock in cells was compared with null-models generated through Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that goats and sheep impose resource limitations on ibex and exclude them from certain pastures. In the remaining suitable habitat, ibex share forage with horses. Ibex remained relatively unaffected by other livestock such as yaks, donkeys and cattle. However, most livestock removed large amounts of forage from the pastures (nearly 250 kg of dry matter/day by certain species), thereby reducing forage availability for ibex. Pertinent conservation issues are discussed in the light of multiple-use of parks and current socio-economic transitions in the region, which call for integrating social and ecological feedback into management planning. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 514 | Serial | 106 | ||
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Author | Bagchi, S., Sharma, R. K., Bhatnagar, Y.V. | ||||
Title | Change in snow leopard predation on livestock after revival of wild prey in the Trans-Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Wildlife Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-11 | ||
Keywords | arid ecosystems, diet analysis, human-wildlife conflict, Panthera, predator, rangeland | ||||
Abstract | Human–wildlife conflict arising from livestock-losses to large carnivores is an important challenge faced by conservation. Theory of prey–predator interactions suggests that revival of wild prey populations can reduce predator’s dependence on livestock in multiple-use landscapes. We explore whether 10-years of conservation efforts to revive wild prey could reduce snow leopard’s Panthera uncia consumption of livestock in the coupled human-and-natural Trans-Himalayan ecosystem of northern India. Starting in 2001, concerted conservation efforts at one site (intervention) attempted recovery of wild- prey populations by creating livestock-free reserves, accompanied with other incentives (e.g. insurance, vigilant herding). Another site, 50km away, was monitored as status quo without any interventions. Prey remains in snow leopard scats were examined periodically at five-year intervals between 2002 and 2012 to determine any temporal shift in diet at both sites to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation interventions. Consumption of livestock increased at the status quo site, while it decreased at the intervention-site. At the intervention-site, livestock-consumption reduced during 2002–2007 (by 17%, p = 0.06); this effect was sustained during the next five-year interval, and it was accompanied by a persistent increase in wild prey populations. Here we also noted increased predator populations, likely due to immigration into the study area. Despite the increase in the predator population, there was no increase in livestock-consumption. In contrast, under status quo, dependence on livestock increased during both five-year intervals (by 7%, p=0.08, and by 16%, p=0.01, respectively). These contrasts between the trajectories of the two sites suggest that livestock-loss can potentially be reduced through the revival of wild prey. Further, accommodating counter-factual scenarios may be an important step to infer whether conservation efforts achieve their targets, or not. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 1623 | |||
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Author | Bhatia, S., Suryawanshi, K., Redpath, S., Namgail, S., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Understanding People's Relationship With Wildlife in Trans-Himalayan Folklore. | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Frontiers in Environmental Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 595169 | Pages | 1-10 |
Keywords | attitudes, culture, human-wildlife, narrative, stories, storytelling | ||||
Abstract | People's views and values for wild animals are often a result of their experiences and traditional knowledge. Local folklore represents a resource that can enable an understanding of the nature of human-wildlife interactions, especially the underlying cultural values. Using archival searches and semi-structured interviews, we collected narratives about the ibex (Capra sibirica) (n = 69), and its predators, the wolf (Canis lupus) (n = 52) and the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) (n = 43), in Ladakh, India. We compared these stories to those of a mythical carnivore called seng ge or snow lion (n = 19), frequently referenced in local Tibetan Buddhist folklore and believed to share many of the traits commonly associated with snow leopards (except for livestock depredation). We then categorized the values along social-cultural, ecological and psychological dimensions. We found that the ibex was predominantly associated with utilitarianism and positive symbolism. Both snow leopard and wolf narratives referenced negative affective and negative symbolic values, though more frequently in the case of wolves. Snow leopard narratives largely focused on utilitarian and ecologistic values. In contrast, snow lion narratives were mostly associated with positive symbolism. Our results suggest that especially for snow leopards and wolves, any potentially positive symbolic associations appeared to be overwhelmed by negative sentiments because of their tendency to prey on livestock, unlike in the case of the snow lion. Since these values reflect people's real and multifarious interactions with wildlife, we recommend paying greater attention to understanding the overlaps between natural and cultural heritage conservation to facilitate human-wildlife coexistence. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 1632 | |||
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Author | Bhatia, S., Suryawanshi, K., Redpath, S. M., Mishra, C | ||||
Title | Understanding people's responses toward predators in the Indian Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
Keywords | human-wildlife conflict; human attitudes to wildlife; value orientation; carnivores; tolerance; human-wildlife relationships; risk perception; Himalaya | ||||
Abstract | Research on human–wildlife interactions has largely focused on the magnitude of wildlife‐caused damage, and the patterns and correlates of human attitudes and behaviors. We assessed the role of five pathways through which various correlates potentially influence human responses toward wild animals, namely, value orientation, social interactions (i.e. social cohesion and support), dependence on resources such as agriculture and livestock, risk perception and nature of interaction with the wild animal. We specifically evaluated their influence on people's responses toward two large carnivores, the snow leopard Panthera uncia and the wolf Canis lupus in an agropastoral landscape in the Indian Trans‐Himalaya. We found that the nature of the interaction (location, impact and length of time since an encounter or depredation event), and risk perception (cognitive and affective evaluation of the threat posed by the animal) had a significant influence on attitudes and behaviors toward the snow leopard. For wolves, risk perception and social interactions (the relationship of people with local institutions and inter‐community dynamics) were significant. Our findings underscore the importance of interventions that reduce people's threat perceptions from carnivores, improve their connection with nature and strengthen the conservation capacity of local institutions especially in the context of wolves. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1630 | |||
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Author | Bhatnagar, Y.V. | ||||
Title | Relocation from wildlife reserves in the Greater and Trans-Himalayas: Is it necessary? | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Conservation and Society | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 263-270 |
Keywords | wildlife reserves,relocation,Greater Himalayas,Trans-Himalayas; wildlife; reserves; relocation; Himalayas; Himalaya; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya | ||||
Abstract | The Greater and Trans-Himalayan tracts are cold deserts that have severe seasonal and resource scarce environments. Covering the bulk of Indian Himalayas, they are a rich repository of biodiversity values and ecosystem services. The region has a large protected area (PA) network which has not been completely effective in conserving these unique values. The human population densities are much lower (usually < 1 per sq km) than in most other parts of the country (over 300 to a sq km). However, even such small populations can come into conflict with strict PA laws that demand large inviolate areas, which can mainly be achieved through relocation of the scattered settlements. In this paper, I reason that in this landscape relocation is not a tenable strategy for conservation due to a variety of reasons. The primary ones are that wildlife, including highly endangered ones are pervasive in the larger landscape (unlike the habitat 'islands' of the forested ecosystems) and existing large PAs usually encompass only a small proportion of this range. Similarly, traditional use by people for marginal cultivation, biomass extraction and pastoralism is also as pervasive in this landscape. There does exist pockets of conflict and these are probably increasing owing to a variety of changes relating to modernisation. However, scarce resources, the lack of alternatives and the traditional practice of clear-cut division of all usable areas and pastures between communities make resettlement of people outside PAs extremely difficult. It is reasoned that given the widespread nature of the wildlife and pockets of relatively high density, it is important to prioritise these smaller areas for conservation in a scenario where they form a mosaic of small 'cores' that are more effectively maintained with local support and that enable wildlife to persist. These ideas have recently gained widespread acceptance in both government and conservation circles and may soon become part of national strategy for these areas. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 914 | Serial | 138 | ||
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Author | Bobrinskiy N.A. | ||||
Title | Preditors (Carnivora). The mountains of Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1938 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 233-234 | ||
Keywords | Central Asia; mountain system; fauna; snow leopard; wild ibex.; 6340; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes fauna of the Tien Shan, Pamir and Hissar mountains of Central Asia. The mountains of Central Asia. Ibex (Capra sibirica) and snow leopard (Uncia uncia) are listed among other inhabitants of highlands in Tien Shan and Pamir Hissar. | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | 1938 | Editor | ||
Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian Journal Title: A course of zoology. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 612 | Serial | 181 | ||
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Author | Bobrinskiy N.A. | ||||
Title | Mountains of Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1967 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 296-321 | ||
Keywords | Middle Asia; mountain; tien shan; Pamir; Hissar ridge; Turkestan ridge; Kopet-Dag ridge; Animals; plants; Issyk-Kul lake; Sary-Chelek; spiders; birds; lizards; marmots; wild sheep; ibex; snow leopard.; 6330; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It provides a zoogeographical description of Central Asia mountains: Tien Shan (west and east), Pamir, the Turkestan and Hissar ridges, and ruinous mountains in Kyzylkum. Distribution of various animal species over the area under study is described. Data concerning Central Asia sheep, ibex, and snow leopard in the alpine meadow zone, and data concerning the otter (in the Tupalang river basin) and grey partridge is presented. The author noted that generally fauna of Tien Shan, Hissar, and Pamir is similar to that of Inner Asia. The other type of fauna more similar to that of Transcaucasia is typical for Kopet-Dag. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna and nature of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 611 | Serial | 180 | ||
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Author | Braden, K. | ||||
Title | Illegal recreational hunting in Russia: the role of social norms and elite violators | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Eurasian Geography and Economics | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Russia; hunting; poaching; wildlife crime; power elite | ||||
Abstract | Poaching in Russia has been reported to be of catastrophic proportions and threatens maintenance of biodiversity. Management of game species has stabilized some numbers, but both endangered species listed in the Russian Red Book and animals traditionally viewed as hunting prey are diminishing in some regions. Rank-and-file hunters, increasingly shut off from access to hunting grounds, have expressed a negative reaction to new hunting regulations adopted by the Russian government in 2012. While high-profile poaching incidents by so-called “VIP hunters” do not apparently make up a large portion of cases, the symbolism of the alleged crimes has a derogatory impact on ordinary hunters because lawlessness is reinforced by perceptions of impunity for elite poachers. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1421 | ||
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Author | Chalise, M.K. | ||||
Title | Nepalka Samrakshit Banyajantu (Nepal's Protected Wildlife in Nepali language) | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 106-108 | ||
Keywords | government; language; leopard; leopards; Nepal; protected; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; wildlife | ||||
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Publisher | Shajha Prakashan | Place of Publication | Lalitpur, Kathmandu | Editor | |
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Notes | In Nepalese language only. Includes only the chapter on snow leopards and the book cover. The book is published by a government corporate house of publication. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1058 | Serial | 211 | ||
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Author | Esipov A.V. | ||||
Title | Distribution and Numbers of the Siberian Ibex in the Hissar Nature Reserve, Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 76-78 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Hisssar nature reserve; wild ibex; distribution; number; predators; snow leopard.; 6640; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes distribution and number of ibex in four parts of the Hissar nature reserve in Uzbekistan. The total number of ibex is estimated to be 1,500 animals. The natural enemies of ibex are snow leopard, wolf, and lynx. Data about ibex's food, seasonal migrations, and threats are given. Decreasing forage reserve and poaching are considered as the most serious threats. A buffer zone is suggested to be established in the areas adjacent to Tajikistan and the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Necessity of nature protection in South Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 642 | Serial | 258 | ||
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Author | Farrington, J. | ||||
Title | A Report on Protected Areas, Biodiversity, and Conservation in the Kyrgyzstan Tian Shan with Brief Notes on the Kyrgyzstan Pamir-Alai and the Tian Shan Mountains of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and China | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-276 | ||
Keywords | Report; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; biodiversity; conservation; Kyrgyzstan; Tian; Tian-Shan; shan; Pamir-Alai; mountains; mountain; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; China; environmental; study; former; soviet; central; Central Asia; asia; land; Forest; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; Chinese; range; republic; wildlife; International; research; land-use; land use; recent; inner; project; ecological; Middle; Middle Asia; Organization; awareness; region; preserve; species; ecosystems; ecosystem; potential; community; Biodiversity conservation; Xinjiang; information; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; protection; flora; fauna; mammals; birds; reptiles; amphibians; endemic; plants; plant; history; Southern; survey; protect; river; heart | ||||
Abstract | Kyrgyzstan is a land of towering mountains, glaciers, rushing streams, wildflowercovered meadows, forests, snow leopards, soaring eagles, and yurt-dwelling nomads. The entire nation lies astride the Tian Shan1, Chinese for “Heavenly Mountains”, one of the world's highest mountain ranges, which is 7439 m (24,400 ft) in elevation at its highest point. The nation is the second smallest of the former Soviet Central Asian republics. In spite of Kyrgyzstan's diverse wildlife and stunning natural beauty, the nation remains little known, and, as yet, still on the frontier of international conservation efforts. The following report is the product of 12 months of research into the state of conservation and land-use in Kyrgyzstan. This effort was funded by the Fulbright Commission of the U.S. State Department, and represents the most recent findings of the author's personal environmental journey through Inner Asia, which began in 1999. When I first started my preliminary research for this project, I was extremely surprised to learn that, even though the Tian Shan Range has tremendous ecological significance for conservation efforts in middle Asia, there wasn't a single major international conservation organization with an office in the former Soviet Central Asian republics. Even more surprising was how little awareness there is of conservation issues in the Tian Shan region amongst conservation workers in neighboring areas who are attempting to preserve similar species assemblages and ecosystems to those found in the Tian Shan. Given this lack of awareness, and the great potential for the international community to make a positive contribution towards improving the current state of biodiversity conservation in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia, I have summarized my findings on protected areas and conservation in Kyrgyzstan and the Tian Shan of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang in the chapters below. The report begins with some brief background information on geography and society in the Kyrgyz Republic, followed by an overview of biodiversity and the state of conservation in the nation, which at the present time closely parallels the state of conservation in the other former Soviet Central Asian republics. Part IV of the report provides a catalog of all major protected areas in Kyrgyzstan and the other Tian Shan nations, followed by a list of sites in Kyrgyzstan that are as yet unprotected but merit protection. In the appendices the reader will find fairly comprehensive species lists of flora and fauna found in the Kyrgyz Republic, including lists of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, trees and shrubs, wildflowers, and endemic plants. In addition, a draft paper on the history and current practice of pastoral nomadism in Kyrgyzstan has been included in Appendix A. While the research emphasis for this study was on eastern Kyrgyzstan, over the course of the study the author did have the opportunity to make brief journeys to southern Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang. While falling short of being a definitive survey of protected areas of the Tian Shan, the informational review which follows is the first attempt at bringing the details of conservation efforts throughout the entire Tian Shan Range together in one place. It is hoped that this summary of biodiversity and conservation in the Tian Shan will generate interest in the region amongst conservationists, and help increase efforts to protect this surprisingly unknown range that forms an island of meadows, rivers, lakes, and forests in the arid heart of Asia. |
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Kyrgyzstan | Editor | ||
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Notes | Fulbright Fellow – Environmental Studies, Kyrgyzstan, Former Soviet Central Asia 2003-2004 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1060 | Serial | 269 | ||
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Author | Filla, M., Lama, R. P., Filla, T., Heurich, M., Balkenhol, N., Waltert, M., Khorozyan, I. | ||||
Title | Patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and effects of intervention strategies: lessons from the Nepalese Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Annapurna, co-existence, conservation biology, highland communities, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivore, livestock depredation, Panthera uncia, prey selection, snow leopard. | ||||
Abstract | Context: Large carnivores are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, and their protection is among the main goals of biodiversity conservation. The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits high-mountain landscapes where livestock depredation drives it into conflicts with local people and poses an obstacle for its conservation. Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the livestock groups most vulnerable to depredation, target them in implementation of practical interventions, and assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies for conflict mitigation. We present a novel attempt to evaluate intervention strategies for particularly vulnerable species, age groups, time, and seasons. Methods: In 2020, we conducted questionnaire surveys in two regions of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal (Manang, n = 146 respondents and Upper Mustang, n = 183). We applied sample comparison testing, Jacobs’ selectivity index, and generalised linear models (GLMs) to assess rates and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of depredation, reveal vulnerable livestock groups, analyse potential effects of applied intervention strategies, and identify husbandry factors relevant to depredation. Key results: Snow leopard predation was a major cause of livestock mortality in both regions (25.4–39.8%), resulting in an estimated annual loss of 3.2–3.6% of all livestock. The main intervention strategies (e.g. corrals during night-time and herding during daytime) were applied inconsistently and not associated with decreases in reported livestock losses. In contrast, we found some evidence that dogs, deterrents (light, music playing, flapping tape, and dung burning), and the use of multiple interventions were associated with a reduction in reported night-time depredation of yaks. Conclusions and implications: We suggest conducting controlled randomised experiments for quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of dogs, deterrents, and the use of multiple interventions, and widely applying the most effective ones in local communities. This would benefit the long-term co-existence of snow leopards and humans in the Annapurna region and beyond. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1684 | ||
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