| Records |
| Author |
Bangjie, T.; Yanfa, L. |
Title  |
The Status of Captive Snow Leopards in China |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
151-166 |
| Keywords |
China; zoos; captivity; breeding; genetics; status; zoo; breeders; collection; husbandry; browse; 1730 |
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| Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
H.Freeman |
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| Notes |
Full Text At URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 104 |
Serial |
110 |
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| Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
| Title |
The Development of the Captive Snow Leopard Population between 1984-1985 |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
181-189 |
| Keywords |
zoos; zoo; captivity; breeding; status; population; husbandry; captive; browse; 1760 |
| Abstract |
In 1984, 73 (31/41/1) cubs were born of which 47 (24/23) survived for six months or longer. This gives us a cub mortality of 35.6%. A total of 38 (11/26/1) snow leopards died in captivity in 1984. Five (2/3) specimens were wild caught at the same time in the USSR and then located in the zoos of ALma-Ata, Moscow and Novosibirsk. At the End of 1984, the captive stock consisted of 332 (168/164) snow leopards, an increase of forty animals from the previous year. |
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| Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
H.Freeman |
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| Notes |
Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 106 |
Serial |
161 |
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| Author |
Jackson, R. |
| Title |
Snow Leopards and Other Wildlife in the Qomolang,a Nature Preserve of Tibet |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Snow Line |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
ix |
Issue |
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Pages |
9-12 |
| Keywords |
animal-husbandry; annapurna; bounties; China; depradation; interviews; poaching; population; research; status; survey |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 463 |
Serial |
448 |
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| Author |
Reed-Smith, J.; Kumpf, M. |
| Title |
Snow leopards (Uncia uncia): family group management alternatives |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Anim.Keepers' Forum |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
386-391 |
| Keywords |
behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; intraspecies-relationships; mammals; techniques; zoos; snow leopard; husbandry; browse; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; intraspecies; relationships; 1300 |
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The authors offer insights into creating family groups of snow leopards in zoos. The programs at the Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado, and at John Ball Zoological Gardens, Grand Rapids, Michigan, are highlighted. lgh. |
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Document Type: English |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 340 |
Serial |
814 |
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| Author |
Shrestha, B. |
| Title |
Prey Abundance and Prey Selection by Snow Leopard (uncia uncia) in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-35 |
| Keywords |
project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; prey; abundance; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Sagarmatha; national; national park; National-park; park; Nepal; resource; predators; predator; ecological; impact; region; community; structure; number; research; population; status; density; densities; wild; prey species; prey-species; species; Himalayan; tahr; musk; musk-deer; deer; game; birds; diet; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; awareness; co-existence; ungulates; ungulate; Human; using; areas; area; monitoring; transect; Hair; identification; scat; attack; patterns; sighting; 1760; populations; birth; Male; Female; young; domestic; domestic livestock; 120; scats; yak; Dog; pika; wildlife; Seasons; winter; horse; study; cover; land; predation; Pressure; development; strategy; threatened; threatened species; threatened-species; conflicts; conflict; people; control; husbandry; compensation; reintroduction; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; free ranging |
| Abstract |
Predators have significant ecological impacts on the region's prey-predator dynamic and community structure through their numbers and prey selection. During April-December 2007, I conducted a research in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) to: i) explore population status and density of wild prey species; Himalayan tahr, musk deer and game birds, ii) investigate diet of the snow leopard and to estimate prey selection by snow leopard, iii) identify the pattern of livestock depredation by snow leopard, its mitigation, and raise awareness through outreach program, and identify the challenge and opportunities on conservation snow leopard and its co-existence with wild ungulates and the human using the areas of the SNP. Methodology of my research included vantage points and regular monitoring from trails for Himalayan tahr, fixed line transect with belt drive method for musk deer and game birds, and microscopic hair identification in snow leopard's scat to investigate diet of snow leopard and to estimate prey selection. Based on available evidence and witness accounts of snow leopard attack on livestock, the patterns of livestock depredation were assessed. I obtained 201 sighting of Himalayan tahr (1760 individuals) and estimated 293 populations in post-parturient period (April-June), 394 in birth period (July -October) and 195 November- December) in rutting period. In average, ratio of male to females was ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 and ratio of kid to female was 0.21-0.35, and yearling to kid was 0.21- 0.47. The encounter rate for musk deer was 1.06 and density was 17.28/km2. For Himalayan monal, the encounter rate was 2.14 and density was 35.66/km2. I obtained 12 sighting of snow cock comprising 69 individual in Gokyo. The ratio of male to female was 1.18 and young to female was 2.18. Twelve species (8 species of wild and 4 species of domestic livestock) were identified in the 120 snow leopard scats examined. In average, snow leopard predated most frequently on Himalayan tahr and it was detected in 26.5% relative frequency of occurrence while occurred in 36.66% of all scats, then it was followed by musk deer (19.87%), yak (12.65%), cow (12.04%), dog (10.24%), unidentified mammal (3.61%), woolly hare (3.01%), rat sp. (2.4%), unidentified bird sp. (1.8%), pika (1.2%), and shrew (0.6%) (Table 5.8 ). Wild species were present in 58.99% of scats whereas domestic livestock with dog were present in 40.95% of scats. Snow leopard predated most frequently on wildlife species in three seasons; spring (61.62%), autumn (61.11%) and winter (65.51%), and most frequently on domestic species including dog in summer season (54.54%). In term of relative biomass consumed, in average, Himalayan tahr was the most important prey species contributed 26.27% of the biomass consumed. This was followed by yak (22.13%), cow (21.06%), musk deer (11.32%), horse (10.53%), wooly hare (1.09%), rat (0.29%), pika (0.14%) and shrew (0.07%). In average, domestic livestock including dog were contributed more biomass in the diet of snow leopard comprising 60.8% of the biomass consumed whilst the wild life species comprising 39.19%. The annual prey consumption by a snow leopard (based on 2 kg/day) was estimated to be three Himalayan tahr, seven musk deer, five wooly hare, four rat sp., two pika, one shrew and four livestock. In the present study, the highest frequency of attack was found during April to June and lowest to July to November. The day of rainy and cloudy was the more vulnerable to livestock depredation. Snow leopard attacks occurred were the highest at near escape cover such as shrub land and cliff. Both predation pressure on tahr and that on livestock suggest that the development of effective conservation strategies for two threatened species (predator and prey) depends on resolving conflicts between people and predators. Recently, direct control of free – ranging livestock, good husbandry and compensation to shepherds may reduce snow leopard – human conflict. In long term solution, the reintroduction of blue sheep at the higher altitudes could also “buffer” predation on livestock. |
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| Notes |
Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. Forum of Natural Resource Managers, Nepal. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1076 |
Serial |
887 |
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| Author |
Turner, L. |
| Title |
Oklahoma City Zoo-Twenty Nine Snow Leopards |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
96-111 |
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zoos; captivity; husbandry; zoo; breeding; housing; browse; 3690 |
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Discusses breeding, housing, aquisition, history |
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SLN @ rana @ 66 |
Serial |
974 |
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| Author |
Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M. |
| Title |
Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Int.Zoo Yearbook |
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15 |
Issue |
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Pages |
212-217 |
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breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park |
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Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois. |
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SLN @ rana @ 31 |
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535 |
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| Author |
Qiming, H.; Guoxin, L. |
| Title |
Notes on the keeping of the snow leopard at the Beijing Zoo |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Pages |
195-197 |
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China; zoos; zoo; Beijing; temperature; care; husbandry; diet; food; parasites; gastroentertitis; browse; 3320 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 242 |
Serial |
799 |
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| Author |
Rieger, I. |
| Title |
Management techniques of captive ounces, (Uncia uncia) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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1978 |
Publication |
Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
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1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
50-70 |
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husbandry; rearing; captivity; zoos; zoo; housing; breeding; mating; browse; 3660 |
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Presents a comparison of housing and techniques for care and breeding at 16 zoos. Includes comments on factors which may influence breeding |
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SLN @ rana @ 46 |
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817 |
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| Author |
Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A. |
| Title |
Management and husbandry of the snow leopard Uncia uncia |
Type |
Journal Article |
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1997 |
Publication |
International Zoo Yearbook |
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35 |
Issue |
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Pages |
139-147 |
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breeding; captive-management; diet; enclosures; housing; husbandry; nutrition; veterinary-care; zoo; browse; veterinary; care; captive; management; 1290 |
| Abstract |
The international studbook for the Snow leopard Uncia uncia was established in 1976. The species has been the focus of intensive captive management and as at 1 January 1992, 541 animals were maintained at 160 collections. This paper gives an overview of the diet, housing, breeding and captive management of the species with specific reference to animals maintained in North American collections. A summary of veterinary care reported in the Snow leopard captive-management survey is also given. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 331 |
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1018 |
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