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Author | Johansson, Torbjorn, A. Johansson, Orjan. McCarthy, Tom | ||||
Title | An Automatic VHF Transmitter Monitoring System for Wildlife Research | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Wildlife Society Bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 9999 | Issue | Pages | 1-5 | |
Keywords | automatic system, monitoring, pulse detection, trap-site transmitter, VHF transmitter monitoring | ||||
Abstract | We describe an automated system for monitoring multiple very high frequency (VHF) transmitters, which are commonly employed in wildlife studies. The system consists of a microprocessor-controlled radio-frequency monitor equipped with advanced signal-processing capabilities that communicates with, and relays information to, a user interface unit at a different location. the system was designed for a capture-and-release snow leopard (Panthera uncia) study in Mongolia, where checking trap-site transmitters manually entailed climbing a hill with telemetry equipment several times each day and night. Here, it monitors the trap-site transmitters and actively produces an alarm when any of the traps have been triggered, or if the system has lost contact with any trap-transmitter. The automated system allowed us to constantly monitor transmitters from a research camp, and alerted us each time a trap was triggered. The system has been field-tested for 83 days from mid-September 2010 to mid-december 2010 in the Tost mountain range on the edge of Mongolia's Gobi desert. During this time, the system performed reliably, responding correctly to 45 manually generated alarms and 9 animal captures. The system considerably shortens the time the captured animals spend in traps, and also mitigates the need for manual trap-site transmitter monitoring, greatly reducing risk to the animal and the human effort involved. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1379 | ||
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Author | Li, J. Schaller, G, B. McCarthy, T. M. Wang, D. Jiagong, Z. Cai, P. Basang, L. Lu, Z | ||||
Title | A Communal Sign Post of Snow Leopards (Panthera uncial) and Other Species on the Tibetan Plateau China | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | International Journal of Biodiversity | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 2013 | Issue | Pages | 1:8 | |
Keywords | snow leopard, Tibetan Plateau, sign post, conservation | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard is a keystone species in mountain ecosystems of Central Asia and the Tibetan Plateau, However, little is known about the interactions between snow leopards and sympatric carnivores. Using infrared cameras, we found a rocky junction of two valleys in Sanjiangyuan area on the Tibetan Plateau where many mammals in this area passed and frequently marked and sniffed the site at the junction. We suggest that this site serves as a sign post to many species in this area, especially snow leopards and other carnivores. The marked signs may also alert the animals passing by to temporally segregate their activities to avoid potential conflicts. We used the Schoener index to measure the degree of temporal segregation among the species captured by infrared camera traps at this site. Our research reveals the probable ways of both intra- and interspecies competition. This is an important message to help understand the structure of animal communities. Discovery of the sign post clarifies the importance of identifying key habitas ad sites of both snow leopards and other species for more effective conservation. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1389 | ||
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Author | Bhatnagar, Y.V. | ||||
Title | Project Snow Leopard | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Nature Without Borders | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 613 | Issue | Pages | 44-48 | |
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Abstract | Nature Without Borders: a symposium on innovative approaches to conserving nature and wildlife. http://www.india-seminar.com/2010/613.htm IN January 2009, the Ministry of Environment and Forests launched an ambitious conservation programme called Project Snow Leopard for the Indian high altitude areas. This was a unique endeavour that was catalyzed by a voluntary organization, with active participation of the five Himalayan state governments, the ministry and a select group of organizations and individuals in a consultative process which lasted close to four years. Given, however, a good representation of wildlife protected areas in the high altitudes (over 9% for the Trans Himalaya), the question is why was such a scheme required; what were the attributes of the region that necessitated an alternative strategy? This article discusses the salient features of the snow leopard initiative and the challenges ahead. |
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Address | http://www.india-seminar.com/2010/613/613yashveer_bhatnagar.htm | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | India | Editor | ||
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Area | Expedition | Conference | Nature Without Borders | ||
Notes | Author from: Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore and Snow Leopard Trust-India | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1137 | ||
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Author | Lovari, S., Minder, I., Ferretti, F., Mucci, N., Randi, E., Pellizzi, B. | ||||
Title | Common and snow leopards share prey, but not habitats: competition avoidance by large predators | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 291 | Issue | Pages | 127-135 | |
Keywords | coexistence; resource partitioning; food habits; Panthera uncia; Panthera pardus. | ||||
Abstract | Resource exploitation and behavioural interference underlie competition among carnivores. Competition is reduced by specializing on different prey and/or spatiotemporal separation, usually leading to different food habits. We predicted that two closely related species of large cats, the endangered snow leopard and the near-threatened common leopard, living in sympatry, would coexist through habitat separation and exploitation of different prey species. In central Himalaya, we assessed (2006–2010) habitat and diet overlap between these carnivores. The snow leopard used grassland and shrubland, whereas the common leopard selected forest. Contrary to our prediction, snow leopard and common leopard preyed upon similar wild (Himalayan tahr, musk deer) and domestic species (Bos spp., dogs). Dietary overlap between snow leopard and common leopard was 69% (yearly), 76% (colder months) and 60% (warmer months). Thus, habitat separation should be the result of other factors, most likely avoidance of interspecific aggression. Habitat separation may not always lead to the use of different prey. Avoidance of interspecific aggression, rather than exploitation of different resources, could allow the coexistence of potentially competing large predators. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1402 | ||
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Author | Li, J., Weckworth, B. V., McCarthy, T. M., Liang, X., Liu, Y., Xing, R., Li, D., Zhang, Y., Xue, Y., Jackson, R., Xiao, L., Cheng, C., Li, S., Xu, F., Ma, M., Yang, X., Diao, K., Gao, Y., Song, D., Nowell, K., He, B., Li, Y., McCarthy, K., Paltsyn, M. Y., Sharma, K., Mishra, C., Schaller, G. B., Lu, Z., Beissinger, S. R. | ||||
Title | Defining priorities for global snow leopard conservation landscapes | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 241 | Issue | 108387 | Pages | 1-10 |
Keywords | Panthera uncia, Conservation prioritization, Landscape Conservation Unit, Connectivity, Linkage | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an apex predator on the Tibetan Plateau and in the surrounding mountain ranges. It is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN's Red List. The large home range and low population densities of this species mandate range-wide conservation prioritization. Two efforts for range-wide snow leopard conservation planning have been conducted based on expert opinion, but both were constrained by limited knowledge and the difficulty of evaluating complex processes, such as connectivity across large landscapes. Here, we compile > 6000 snow leopard occurrence records from across its range and corresponding environmental covariates to build a model of global snow leopard habitat suitability. Using spatial prioritization tools, we identi!ed seven large continuous habitat patches as global snow leopard Landscape Conservation Units (LCUs). Each LCU faces differing threat levels from poaching, anthropogenic development, and climate change. We identi!ed ten po- tential inter-LCU linkages, and centrality analysis indicated that Tianshan-Pamir-Hindu Kush-Karakorum, Altai, and the linkage between them play a critical role in maintaining the global snow leopard habitat connectivity. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1490 | ||
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Author | Alexander, J., Chen, P., Damerell, P., Youkui, W., Hughes, J., Shi, K., Riordan, P. | ||||
Title | Human wildlife conflict involving large carnivores in Qilianshan, China and the minimal paw-print of snow leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 187 | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | |
Keywords | Snow leopard Carnivores Livestock depredation Social attitudes China | ||||
Abstract | In this paper, we assess local perceptions towards snow leopards in North West China using a framework depicting key conflict domains. We describe the perceived threats posed to humans by the snow leopard and set them within beliefs and attitudes towards other species within the large carnivore assemblage in this region. Surveys were conducted in seven villages within Qilianshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China, to document reports of snow leopard (Panthera uncia), grey wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and brown bear (Ursus arctos) depredation of livestock, and local attitudes towards each species. Questionnaire-based interviews were held with 60 households and 49 livestock herders. Herding of yak, sheep and goats was found to be a common livelihood activity among households in all villages. Herders reported losing livestock to all four carnivore species. Herders reported that depredation was the most common event affecting livestock, compared with natural disasters or disease, and represented a total loss of 3.6% of the livestock population during the previous year. Most (53%) depredation losses were attributed to lynx, while snow leopards were held responsible for only 7.8% of depredation losses. The reported impact of snow leopards on herding activities was relatively small and the majority of both householders and herders expressed positive attitudes towards them and supported measures for their protection. Households and herders held negative attitudes towards lynx, wolves and bears, however, most likely due to their perceived threat to livestock and humans. Understanding community perceptions of threats posed by wildlife is vital for gaining community support for, and engagement in, conflict mitigation. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1422 | ||
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Author | Johansson, O., McCarthy, T., Samelius, G., Andren, H., Tumursukh, L., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard predation in a livestock dominated landscape in Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 184 | Issue | Pages | 251-258 | |
Keywords | Gobi desert, GPS collar, Kill rate, Panthera uncial, Prey choice, Wildlife conflict | ||||
Abstract | Livestock predation is an important cause of endangerment of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) across its range. Yet, detailed information on individual and spatio-temporal variation in predation patterns of snow leopards and their kill rates of livestock and wild ungulates are lacking. We collared 19 snow leopards in the Tost Mountains, Mongolia, and searched clusters of GPS positions to identify prey remains and estimate kill rate and prey choice. Snow leopards killed, on average, one ungulate every 8 days, which included more wild prey (73%) than livestock (27%), despite livestock abundance being at least one order of magnitude higher. Predation on herded livestock occurred mainly on stragglers and in rugged areas where animals are out of sight of herders. The two wild ungulates, ibex (Capra ibex) and argali (Ovis ammon), were killed in proportion to their relative abundance. Predation patterns changed with spatial (wild ungulates) and seasonal (livestock) changes in prey abundance. Adult male snow leopards killed larger prey and 2–6 times more livestock compared to females and young males. Kill rates were considerably higher than previous scat-based estimates, and kill rates of females were higher than kill rates of males. We suggest that (i) snow leopards prey largely on wild ungulates and kill livestock opportunistically, (ii) retaliatory killing by livestock herders is likely to cause greater mortality of adult male snow leopards compared to females and young males, and (iii) total off-take of prey by a snow leopard population is likely to be much higher than previous estimates suggest. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1420 | ||
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Author | Forrest, J. L.,Wikramanayake, E., Shrestha, R., Areendran, G., Gyeltshen, K., Maheshwari, A., Mazumdar, S., Naidoo, R., Thapa, G. J., Thapa, K. | ||||
Title | Conservation and climate change: Assessing the vulnerability of snow leopard habitat to treeline shift in the Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 150 | Issue | Pages | 129-135 | |
Keywords | Snow leopard Climate adaptation Conservation planning Endangered species Climate change Himalaya | ||||
Abstract | Climate change is likely to affect the persistence of large, space-requiring species through habitat shifts, loss, and fragmentation. Anthropogenic land and resource use changes related to climate change can also impact the survival of wildlife. Thus, climate change has to be integrated into biodiversity conservation plans. We developed a hybrid approach to climate-adaptive conservation landscape planning for snow leopards in the Himalayan Mountains. We first mapped current snow leopard habitat using a mechanistic approach that incorporated field-based data, and then combined it with a climate impact model using a correlative approach. For the latter, we used statistical methods to test hypotheses about climatic drivers of treeline in the Himalaya and its potential response to climate change under three IPCC greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. We then assessed how change in treeline might affect the distribution of snow leopard habitat. Results indicate that about 30% of snow leopard habitat in the Himalaya may be lost due to a shifting treeline and consequent shrinking of the alpine zone, mostly along the southern edge of the range and in river valleys. But, a considerable amount of snow leopard habitat and linkages are likely to remain resilient to climate change, and these should be secured. This is because, as the area of snow leopard habitat fragments and shrinks, threats such as livestock grazing, retaliatory killing, and medicinal plant collection can intensify. We propose this approach for landscape conservation planning for other species with extensive spatial requirements that can also be umbrella species for overall biodiversity. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1385 | ||
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Author | Dickman, A., Macdonald, E., Macdonald, D. | ||||
Title | A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | PNAS | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 108 | Issue | 34 | Pages | 13937–13944 |
Keywords | human-carnivore conflict, payments for ecosystem services | ||||
Abstract | One of the greatest challenges in biodiversity conservation today is how to facilitate protection of species that are highly valued at a global scale but have little or even negative value at a local scale. Imperiled species such as large predators can impose significant economic costs at a local level, often in poverty-stricken rural areas where households are least able to tolerate such costs, and impede efforts of local people, especially traditional pastoralists, to escape from poverty. Furthermore, the costs and benefits involved in predator conservation often include diverse dimensions, which are hard to quantify and nearly impossible to reconcile with one another. The best chance of effective conservation relies upon translating the global value of carnivores into tangible local benefits large enough to drive conservation “on the ground.” Although human–carnivore coexistence involves significant noneconomic values, providing financial incentives to those affected negatively by carnivore presence is a common strategy for encouraging such coexistence, and this can also have important benefits in terms of reducing poverty. Here, we provide a critical overview of such financial instruments, which we term “payments to encourage coexistence”; assess the pitfalls and potentials of these methods, particularly compensation and insurance, revenuesharing, and conservation payments; and discuss how existing strategies of payment to encourage coexistence could be combined to facilitate carnivore conservation and alleviate local poverty. | ||||
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Notes | http://www.pnas.org/content/108/34/13937 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1362 | ||
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Author | Kalashnikova, Y. A., Karnaukhov, A. S., Dubinin, M. Y., Poyarkov, A. D., Rozhnov, V. V. | ||||
Title | POTENTIAL HABITAT OF SNOW LEOPARD (PANTHERA UNCIA, FELINAE) IN SOUTH SIBERIA AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES BASED ON THE MAXIMUM ENTROPY DISTRIBUTION MODEL | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 98 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 332-342 |
Keywords | Snow leopard, irbis, Panthera uncia, Maxent, habitat model, potential habitat | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard is an endangered large felid inhabiting highlands of 12 Asian countries. It is distributed across vast territories and adequate modern methods are required for mapping its potential habitats. The goal of the present study is to create a model of snow leopard potential habitat within the northern part of its range in Russia (and adjacent territories of Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan). More than 5 years of observations (total number of presence points = 449), environmental variables and the maximum entropy distribution method (Maxent) are used. The resulting map demonstrates that a suitable habitat (probability of the animal�s presence between 0.5 and 1) of the northern population of snow leopard in Russia occupies 16500 km2 with a buffer of transient territories (probability between 0.25 and 0.49) covering 32800 km2. Most of a suitable habitat within the study area is associated with the Altai Mountains, Western Sayan Mountains, Sangilen Plateau, Tsagan-Shibetu and Shapshal. One third of the suitable habitat lies within areas of a varying protection status. The results of modeling are of importance both for scientists and conservation managers, as they allow for leopard occurrence to be predicted, supporting research on and the conservation of the species. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1480 | ||
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