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Author | Berger, J., Buuveibaatar, B., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Globalization of the Cashmere Market and the Decline of Large Mammals in Central Asia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | Publication | Conservation Biology | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 27 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 679-689 |
Keywords | fashion, herders, India, Mongolia, saiga, trade | ||||
Abstract | As drivers of terrestrial ecosystems, humans have replaced large carnivores in most areas, and human influence not only exerts striking ecological pressures on biodiversity at local scales but also has indirect effects in distant corners of the world. We suggest that the multibillion dollar cashmere industry creates economic motivations that link western fashion preferences for cashmere to land use in Central Asia. This penchant for stylish clothing, in turn, encourages herders to increase livestock production which affects persistence of over 6 endangered large mammals in these remote, arid ecosystems. We hypothesized that global trade in cashmere has strong negative effects on native large mammals of deserts and grassland where cashmere-producing goats are raised. We used time series data, ecological snapshots of the biomass of native and domestic ungulates, and ecologically and behaviorally based fieldwork to test our hypothesis. In Mongolia increases in domestic goat production were associated with a 3-fold increase in local profits for herders coexisting with endangered saiga (Saiga tatarica). That increasing domestic grazing pressure carries fitness consequences was inferred on the basis of an approximately 4-fold difference in juvenile recruitment among blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in trans-Himalayan India. Across 7 study areas in Mongolia, India, and China’s Tibetan Plateau, native ungulate biomass is now <5% that of domestic species. Such trends suggest ecosystem degradation and decreased capacity for the persistence of native species, including at least 8 Asian endemic species: saiga, chiru (Pantholops hodgsoni), Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), khulan (Equus hemionus), kiang (E. kiang), takhi (E. przewalski), and wild yak (Bos mutus). Our results suggest striking yet indirect and unintended actions that link trophic-level effects to markets induced by the trade for cashmere. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1398 | ||
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Author | Mallon, D.P. | ||||
Title | Status and Conservation of Large Mammals in Ladakh | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 56 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 101-119 |
Keywords | Ladakh; India; snow-leopard; wolf; Canis-lupus; ibex; brown-bear; bear; Ursus-arctos; parks; reserves; hunting; herders; livestock; snow leopard; browse; canis; lupis; ursus; arctos; 800 | ||||
Abstract | The distribution and status of large mammals was surveyed in a 15 000 km2 study area in Ladakh, India. Snow leopard Panthera uncia, wolf Canis lupus, ibex Capra ibex and bharal Pseudois nayaur have an almost continuous distribution throughout; Ladakh urial Ovis vignei, Tibetan argali Ovis ammon, wild ass Equus kiang and brown bear Ursus arctos have a limited distribution. Snow leopard prefer lower altitudes and rocky, undisturbed areas. Ibex and bharal occupy similar rocky habitats but their ranges are mostly separate, with a small area of overlap. The Ladakh urial shows signs of recovery from an earlier decline. Natural resources are widely used for fuel, fodder and grazing, but favourable factors include a low human population, low level of hunting and the existence of some uninhabited and undisturbed areas. A comprehensive Protected Area Network has been proposed. | ||||
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Notes | Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 175 | Serial | 647 | ||
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Author | McCarthy, T.; Allen, P. | ||||
Title | Knitting for snow leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 30 | Issue | Pages | 24-25 | |
Keywords | conservation-programs; endangered; threatened-species; human-dimensions; management; conservation; asia; Mongolia; herder; herding; herders; browse; threatened; species; programs; Human; dimensions.; 1040 | ||||
Abstract | The authors describe an innovative conservation program for the endangered snow leopard. A program was established in which herding families in Mongolia knit scarves, gloves, and hats from camel, sheep, and cashmere wool for sale as eco-friendly products. The program increases family incomes, brings in revenue for conservation programs, and educates the herders on the leopards. klf. | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL. Author Contact: 4649 Sunnyside Ave N. ,Suite 325, Seattle Wa 98103Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 368 | Serial | 659 | ||
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Author | Oli, M. | ||||
Title | Local Hostility to Snow Leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 16 | Issue | Pages | 10 | |
Keywords | livestock; herders; conflict; hunting; poaching; browse; 3520 | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 200 | Serial | 740 | ||
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Author | Oli, M.K.; Taylor, I.R.; Rogers, M.E. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard Panthera unica predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 68 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 63-68 |
Keywords | predation; livestock; herders; goat; sheep; oxen; horse; Panthera-uncia; Nepal; snow-leopard; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; public attitudes; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; uncia; panthera; annapurna conservation area; annapurna; conservation; area; public; attitudes; 750 | ||||
Abstract | Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and 0.7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people held strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English Call Number: S900 .B5 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 237 | Serial | 747 | ||
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Author | Osborne, B.C.; Mallon, D.P.; Fraser, S.J.R. | ||||
Title | Ladkh, threatened stronghold of rare Himalayan mammals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1983 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 182-189 | |
Keywords | Ladakh; India; pelt; coat; hunting; poaching; distribution; skin; livestock; herders; predator; prey; browse; 3290 | ||||
Abstract | Reports the results of seven visits to Ladakh over past five years. The snow leopard occurs throughout Ladakh but is not common. Livestock are often taken in winter. At least five snow leopards were shot in the Suru Valley over the past five years. The pelt is worth about $350 in Srinagar. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 80 | Serial | 756 | ||
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Author | Sunquist, F. | ||||
Title | Where cats and herders mix. (snow leopards in Tibet and Mongolia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | International Wildlife | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 27-33 |
Keywords | Mongolia; Tibet; herder; livestock; snow-leopard; predator; prey; World-Wildlife-Foundation; habitat; reserve; park; refuge; Pakistan; China; herders; parks; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; Wwf; world wildlife foundation; 1110; snow; leopard; range; territory; central; Central Asia; asia; Animal; region; conservation; wildlife; foundation; border; sheep; Baltistan; enclosures; area; home; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; countries; country; Feed; Cats; cat; mountain; peoples; people | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard inhabits a huge range of territory which encompasses some of Central Asia's most bleak and inhospitable terrains. The animal herders in these regions are desperately poor and yet they have agreed to cooperate with conservation groups in protecting the snow leopard. The World Wildlife Foundation has worked to create a refuge on the Pakistan-China border. Sheep herders near Askole, a village in the Baltistan region of northern Paksitan, drive their flocks past stone enclosures. The area is also home to snow leopards. With their natural prey dminished, leopards in 13 countries of central Asia occasionally feed on livestock, putting the cats on a collision course with mountain peoples. | ||||
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Notes | COPYRIGHT 1997 National Wildlife Federation , Jan-Feb 1997 v27 n1 p26(8) Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 330 | Serial | 950 | ||
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Author | Saberwal, V.K. | ||||
Title | Pastoral Politics:gaddi grazing, degradation and biodiversity conservation in Himachal Pradesh, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Conservation Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 741-749 | |
Keywords | grazing; livestock; herders; herder; conservation; biodiversity; Himachal-Pradesh; India; browse; himachal pradesh; 1980 | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 290 | Serial | 838 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B.; Hong, L.; Talipu, J.; Mingjiang, R.Q. | ||||
Title | The snow leopard in Xinjiang, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 22 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 197-204 |
Keywords | China; Xinjiang; asia; refuges; parks; reserves; snow-leopard; prey; livestock; predators; herders; fur; management; snow leopard; browse; 930 | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards live in the mountains of Central Asia, their range stretching from Afganastan to Lake Baikal in Eastern Tibet. They are endangered throughout their range, being hunted as predators of mains livestock and for their skin. Much of the snow leopards range lies in China, but not enough is known about its staus there for effective conservation. As part of a project to assess China's high altitude wildlife resources the authors conducted a survey in Xinjiang- a vast arid region of deserts and mountains. Although the snow leopard and other wildlife have declined steeply in Xinjiang in recent decades, the cta still persists and one area has the potential to become one of the best refuges for the species in its entire range. Its future in XInjiang, howevere, depends on well protected reserves, enforcement of regulations against killing the animal, and proper managemnt of the prey species. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 129 | Serial | 868 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.M.; Ahlborn, G.; Gurung, M.; Ale, S. | ||||
Title | Reducing livestock depredation losses in the Nepalese Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Proc.Vertebr.Pest Conf | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 241-247 | |
Keywords | damage; damage-by-wildlife; endangered; threatened species; livestock; mammals; management; predator-control; public-relations; wildlife; livestock-relationships; Nepal; asia; herders; conservation; Manang; Khangshar; depredation; conflict; predator; prey; browse; public; threatened; species; control; Relations; 700 | ||||
Abstract | The authors investigated livestock depredation patterns of snow leopards on the northern slopes of the Himalayans near the villages of Manang and Khangshar, Nepal. Information is discussed on the relationships among livestock loss, endangered species management, public relations/conservation issues, and cooperative efforts among institutions involved in the decision making process. A plan is devised for alleviating livestock loss and protecting endangered species in the area. pcp | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL: ADDRESS: Mountain Inst., Main & Dogwood St., Franklin, WV 26807//“Proceedings Seventeenth Vertebrate Pest Conference-March 5-7, 1996, Rohnert Park, California”; Timm, Robert M.; Crabb, A. Charles, editorsDocument Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 271 | Serial | 480 | ||
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