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Author | Khatoon, R., Hussain, I., Anwar, M., Nawaz, M. A. | ||||
Title | Diet selection of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Chitral, Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Turkish Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 14 | Pages | 914-923 | |
Keywords | Snow leopard, conservation, seasonal variation, diet composition, Chitral, Pakistan | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an elusive endangered carnivore found in remote mountain regions of Central Asia, with sparse distribution in northern Pakistan, including Chitral and Baltistan. The present study determined the food habits of snow leopard, including preferred prey species and seasonal variation in diet. Fifty-six scat samples were collected and analyzed to determine the diet composition in two different seasons, i.e. summer and winter. Hair characteristics such as cuticular scale patterns and medullary structure were used to identify the prey. This evidence was further substantiated from the remains of bones, claws, feathers, and other undigested remains found in the scats. A total of 17 prey species were identified; 5 of them were large mammals, 6 were mesomammals, and the remaining 6 were small mammals. The occurrence of wild ungulates (10.4%) in the diet was low, while livestock constituted a substantial part (26.4%) of the diet, which was higher in summer and lower in winter. Mesomammals altogether comprised 33.4% of the diet, with palm civet (Paguma larvata) as a dominant (16.8%) species, followed by golden marmot (Marmota caudate) (8.8%), which was higher in winter. There was a significant difference in seasonal variation in domestic livestock and small mammals. The livestock contribution of 26.4% observed in the present study indicates a significant dependence of the population on livestock and suggests that the study area is expected to be a high-conflict area for snow leopards. The results of the current study would help improve the conservation efforts for snow leopards, contributing to conflict resolution and effective management of this endangered cat. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1459 | ||
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Author | Murata, K.; Yanai, T.; Agatsuma, T.; Uni, S. | ||||
Title | Dirofilaria immitis infection of a snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in a Japanese zoo with mitochondrial DNA analysis | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 65 | Issue | Pages | 945-947 | |
Keywords | Dirofilaria immitis,Japan,snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | Three dog heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) were detected in the lumen of the right cardiac ventriculus and of the pulmonary artery of a captive female snow leopard (Uncia uncia) that died of pancreatic carcinoma at a zoo in Japan. Neither clinical respiratory nor circulatory symptoms caused by the heartworm infection were observed. The filarial worms were identified as D. immitis from the morphologic characteristics of the esophagus, the presence of faint longitudinal ridges on the cuticular surface, the situation of vulva posterior to the esophagus, and the measurements of the body. The heartworms from the snow leopard were identical to that of D. immitis from dogs in the sequence of the cytochrome oxidase I region in the mitochondrial DNA. This host record is the first of D. immitis in U. uncia. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 892 | Serial | 707 | ||
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Author | Rana, B.S. | ||||
Title | Distinguishing kills of two large mammalian predators in Spiti Valley Himachal Pradesh | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | J.Bombay Nat.Hist.Soc | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 94 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 553 |
Keywords | behavior; endangered; threatened species; foods; feeding; mammals; predation; wildlife; livestock relationships; snow leopard; Tibetan wolf; prey; livestock; India; panthera uncia; canis lupis; browse; threatened; species; relationships; tibetan; wolf; panthera; uncia; canis; lupis; 610 | ||||
Abstract | The author studied livestock killed by predators in the Spiti Valley, India, to determine what species had killed yaks, horses, donkeys, and other domestic animals. Eleven of the kills examined were made by snow leopards and six by the Tibetan wolf. Wolves were involved in surplus killings, while snow leopards kill as food is needed. lgh | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 326 | Serial | 804 | ||
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Author | Medvedev D.G. | ||||
Title | Distribution and migration of the snow leopard in Baikal region | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 218 | ||
Keywords | Russia; Baikal region; distribution; Migration; snow leopard.; 7630; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It provided description of snow leopard distribution in Eastern Sayan, South Transbaikalia and mountains of Baikal lake as well as its migratory ways within the region. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of the Russia and neighbouring countries. Proceedings of the conference. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 741 | Serial | 670 | ||
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Author | Sapojnikov G.N. | ||||
Title | Distribution and number of several endangered mammals and birds of Tajikistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1984 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 129-143 | ||
Keywords | Tajikistan; endangered species; snow leopard; number; use.; 8070; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Many years' data connected with the distribution and number of endangered species of animals as dhole (Cuon alpinus Pall), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena L.), snow leopard (Uncia uncia Shreb.) and birds of Tajikistan are given. Area of snow leopard includes the most of mountain ridges in this country. The total number is evaluated about 160-200 individuals. The record quantity of legal harvested skins of snow leopard is 64 in 1946. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Natural resources and nature reserves of Tajikistan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 785 | Serial | 844 | ||
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Author | Esipov A.V. | ||||
Title | Distribution and Numbers of the Siberian Ibex in the Hissar Nature Reserve, Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 76-78 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Hisssar nature reserve; wild ibex; distribution; number; predators; snow leopard.; 6640; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes distribution and number of ibex in four parts of the Hissar nature reserve in Uzbekistan. The total number of ibex is estimated to be 1,500 animals. The natural enemies of ibex are snow leopard, wolf, and lynx. Data about ibex's food, seasonal migrations, and threats are given. Decreasing forage reserve and poaching are considered as the most serious threats. A buffer zone is suggested to be established in the areas adjacent to Tajikistan and the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Necessity of nature protection in South Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 642 | Serial | 258 | ||
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Author | Blomqvist, L. | ||||
Title | Distribution and status of the snow leopard | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1978 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 6-21 | ||
Keywords | distribution; International; pedigree; snow leopard; status | ||||
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Publisher | Helsinki Zoo, Finland | Place of Publication | Helsinki | Editor | Blomqvist, L. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 952 | Serial | 140 | ||
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Author | Taryannikov V.I. | ||||
Title | Distribution, biology, and current population status of rare predatory mammals in the Western Hissar | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 107-109 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Western Hissar ridge; distribution; number; diet; rare species; decline; poaching; Lynx; otter; ibex; snow leopard.; 8380; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Described are distribution, biotopical distribution, food, and some biological features of Uncia uncia, Felis lynx, Lutra lutra. New finds of Lutra lutra were observed at the Kashkadarya river. All the species' populations were counted and the reasons for their decrease given. In the author's opinion, number of snow leopard is decreasing as number of Siberian ibex is decreasing too and snow leopard is being poached for. There are 10-12 snow leopards on the slopes of the Hissar ridge. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 816 | Serial | 957 | ||
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Author | Aizin B.M. | ||||
Title | Distribution, number and seasonal behavioral patterns of Panthera uncia Scheber in Kyrgyzstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1974 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Vol. 1. | Issue | Pages | 19-20 | |
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5900; Russian | ||||
Abstract | In Kyrgyzstan, snow leopard can be met almost in all mountain ridges (Kok-Kiya, Atbasha, Kyrgyz, Terskey, Kungei, Talas, Chatkal, Alai, Zaalai), where it keeps to alpine meadow, woodless rock and snowfield zones. The number of snow leopard does not exceed 1,500 animals. Seven to 10 animals are annually caught for the needs of zoo-export. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the 1st international congress on mammals. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 569 | Serial | 45 | ||
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Author | Jack, R. | ||||
Title | DNA Testing and GPS positioning of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) genetic material in the Khunjerab National Park Northern Areas, Pakistan | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-15 | ||
Keywords | project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; Dna; Gps; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Khunjerab; Khunjerab-National-Park; national; national park; National-park; park; areas; area; Pakistan; protection; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; local; local people; people; information; number; range; Animals; Animal; study; distribution; management; professional; techniques; capture; use; field; country; China; border; work; art; Gis; Forest; manage; Wwf; maps; map; location; training; research; mountain | ||||
Abstract | The protection of Snow Leopards in the remote and economically disadvantaged Northern Areas of Pakistan needs local people equipped with the skills to gather and present information on the number and range of individual animals in their area. It is important for the success of a conservation campaign that the people living in the area are engaged in the conservation process. Snow Leopards are elusive and range through inhospitable terrain so direct study is difficult. Consequently the major goals for this project were twofold, to gather information on snow leopard distribution in this area and to train local university students and conservation management professionals in the techniques used for locating snow leopards without the need to capture or even see the animals. This project pioneered the use of DNA testing of field samples collected in Pakistan to determine the distribution of snow leopards and to attempt to identify individuals. These were collected in and around that country's most northerly national park, the Kunjurab National Park, which sits on the Pakistan China border. Though the Northern Areas is not a well developed part of Pakistan, it does possess a number of institutions that can work together to strengthen snow leopard conservation. The first of these is a newly established University with students ready to be trained in the skills needed. Secondly WWF-Pakistan has an office in the main town and a state of the art GIS laboratory in Lahore and already works closely with the Forest Department who manage the national park. All three institutions worked together in this project with WWF providing GIS expertise, the FD rangers, and the university students carrying out the laboratory work. In addition in the course of the project the University of the Punjab in Lahore also joined the effort, providing laboratory facilities for the students. As a result of this project maps have been produced showing the location of snow leopards in two areas. Preliminary DNA evidence indicates that there is more than one animal in this relatively small area, but the greatest achievement of this project is the training and experience gained by the local students. For one student this has been life changing. Due to the opportunities provided by this study the student, Nelofar gained significant scientific training and as a consequence she is now working as a lecturer and research officer for the Center for Integrated Mountain Research, New Campus University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan |
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Notes | Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1067 | Serial | 427 | ||
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