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2014 |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1413 |
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Author |
Li, J., Lu, Z. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000- 2013 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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176 |
Pages |
207-211 |
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Keywords |
Bone Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising
nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I
of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards
globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here,
we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that
snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to
emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai
Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for
about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there.
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1412 |
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Author |
Li, J., Lu, Z. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000-2013 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
176 |
Pages |
207-211 |
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Keywords |
Bone, Pelt,Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising
nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I
of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards
globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here,
we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that
snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to
emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai
Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for
about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1411 |
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Author |
Li, J., Lu, Z. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard poaching and trade in China 2000-2013 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
176 |
Pages |
207-211 |
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Keywords |
Bone, Pelt, Panthera uncial, Retaliatory killing, Sanjiangyuan |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard is a flagship species of the alpine ecosystem in the Central Asia, with China comprising
nearly 60% of the habitat and population. It was listed as endangered by IUCN and included in Appendix I
of CITES in the 1970s. Poaching for its fur and bones is a significant and increasing threat to snow leopards
globally. However, little detailed information is available on snow leopard poaching in China. Here,
we collected all reported cases of snow leopard poaching and trade in China 2000–2013. We found that
snow leopard parts were mainly traded in the major cities within their range provinces, but also began to
emerge in a few coastal cities after 2010. Household interviews in the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai
Province showed that in this sub region alone, 11 snow leopards were killed annually, accounting for
about 1.2% of the estimated snow leopard population there. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1410 |
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Author |
Kohli, K., Sankaran, M., Suryawanshi, K. R., Mishra, C |
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Title |
A penny saved is a penny earned: lean season foraging strategy of an alpine ungulate |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
92 |
Pages |
93-100 |
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Keywords |
blue sheep, grazing, herbivore, mountain ungulate, optimal foraging, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya |
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Abstract |
Lean season foraging strategies are critical for the survival of species inhabiting highly seasonal environments
such as alpine regions. However, inferring foraging strategies is often difficult because of
challenges associated with empirically estimating energetic costs and gains of foraging in the field. We
generated qualitative predictions for the relationship between daily winter foraging time, body size and
forage availability for three contrasting foraging strategies including time minimization, energy intake
maximization and net energy maximization. Our model predicts that for animals employing a time
minimization strategy, daily winter foraging time should not change with body size and should increase
with a reduction in forage availability. For energy intake maximization, foraging time should not vary
with either body size or forage availability. In contrast, for a net energy maximization strategy, foraging
time should decrease with increase in body size and with a reduction in forage availability. We contrasted
proportion of daily time spent foraging by bharal, Pseudois nayaur, a dimorphic grazer, across
different body size classes in two high-altitude sites differing in forage availability. Our results indicate
that bharal behave as net energy maximizers during winter. As predicted by the net energy maximization
strategy, daily winter foraging time of bharal declined with increasing body size, and was lower in the
site with low forage availability. Furthermore, as predicted by our model, foraging time declined as the
winter season progressed. We did not find support for the time minimizing or energy intake maximizing
strategies. Our qualitative model uses relative rather than absolute costs and gains of foraging which are
often difficult to estimate in the field. It thus offers a simple way to make informed inferences regarding
animal foraging strategies by contrasting estimates of daily foraging time across gradients of body size
and forage availability. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1409 |
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Author |
Ferretti, F., Lovari, S., Minder, I., Pellizzi, B. |
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Title |
Recovery of the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt.Everest) National Park: effects on main prey |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
European Journal of Wildlife Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
60 |
Pages |
559-562 |
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Keywords |
Predator–prey relationships . Small populations . Snow leopard . Himalayan tahr |
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Abstract |
Consequences of predation may be particularly
heavy on small populations of herbivores, especially if they
are threatened with extinction. Over the 2006–2010 period, we
documented the effects of the spontaneous return of the endangered
snow leopard on the population of the vulnerable
Himalayan tahr. The study area was an area of central
Himalaya where this cat disappeared c. 40 years before, because
of persecution by man. Snow leopards occurred mainly
in areas close to the core area of tahr distribution. Tahr was the
staple (56.3 %) of snow leopards. After the arrival of this cat,
tahr decreased by more than 2/3 from 2003 to 2010 (mainly
through predation on kids). Subsequently, the density of snow
leopards decreased by 60%from2007 to 2010. The main prey
of snow leopards in Asia (bharal, marmots) were absent in our
study area, forcing snow leopards to specialize on tahr. The
restoration of a complete prey spectrum should be favoured
through reintroductions, to conserve large carnivores and to
reduce exploitation of small populations of herbivores, especially
if threatened. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1408 |
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Author |
Ale, S., Shrestha, B., and Jackson, R. |
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Title |
On the status of Snow Leopard Panthera Uncia (Schreber 1775) in Annapurna, Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Threatened Taxa |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
6(3) |
Pages |
5534-5543 |
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Keywords |
Annapurna, Blue Sheep, Buddhism, camera-trapping, Himalayas, Mustang, sign-survey, Snow Leopard. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1407 |
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Author |
Lyngdoh, S.,Shrotriya, S.,Goyal, S. P.,Clements, H.,Hayward, M. W.,Habib, B. |
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Title |
Prey Preferences of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia): Regional Diet Specificity Holds Global Significance for Conservation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Plos One |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
1-11 |
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Keywords |
snow leopard, prey species, prey consumption |
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Abstract |
The endangered snow leopard is a large felid that is distributed over 1.83 million km2 globally. Throughout its range it relies on a limited number of prey species in some of the most inhospitable landscapes on the planet where high rates of human persecution exist for both predator and prey. We reviewed 14 published and 11 unpublished studies pertaining to snow leopard diet throughout its range. We calculated prey consumption in terms of frequency of occurrence and biomass consumed based on 1696 analysed scats from throughout the snow leopard’s range. Prey biomass consumed was calculated based on the Ackerman’s linear correction factor. We identified four distinct physiographic and snow leopard prey type zones, using cluster analysis that had unique prey assemblages and had key prey characteristics which supported snow leopard occurrence there. Levin’s index showed the snow leopard had a specialized dietary niche breadth. The main prey of the snow leopard were Siberian ibex (Capra sibrica), blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), argali (Ovis ammon) and marmots (Marmota spp). The significantly preferred prey species of snow leopard weighed 5565 kg, while the preferred prey weight range of snow leopard was 36–76 kg with a significant preference for Siberian ibex and blue sheep. Our meta-analysis identified critical dietary resources for snow leopards throughout their distribution and illustrates the importance of understanding regional variation in species ecology; particularly prey species
that have global implications for conservation. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1406 |
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Author |
Bischof, R.,Hameed, S.,Ali, H.,Kabir, M.,Younas, M.,Shah, K. A.,Din, J. U.,Nawaz, M. A. |
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Title |
Using time-to-event analysis to complement hierarchical methods when assessing determinants of photographic detectability during camera trapping |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
Cox proportional hazards model, cumulative incidence, Martes foina, Panthera Uncia, survival anaalysis, Vulpes Vulpes, weighted observations |
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Abstract |
1. Camera trapping, paired with analytical methods for estimating occupancy, abundance and other ecological parameters, can yield information with direct consequences for wildlife management and conservation. Although ecological information is the primary target of most camera trap studies, detectability influences every aspect from design to interpretation.
2. Concepts and methods of time-toevent analysis are directly applicable to camera trapping, yet this statistical field has thus far been ignored as a way to analyze photographic capture data. to illustrate the use to time-to-event statistics and to better understand how photographic evidence accumulates, we explored patterns in tow related measure of detectability: Detection probability and time to detection. We analyzed camera trap data for three sympatric carnivores ( snow Leopard, red fox and stone marten) in the mountains of northern Pakistan and tested predictions about patterns in detectability across species, sites and time.
3. We found species-specific differences in the magnitude of detectability and the factors influencing it, reinforcing the need to consider determinants of detectability in study design and to account for them during analysis. Photographic detectability of snow leopard was noticeably lower than that of red fox, but comparable to detectability of stone marten. Site-specific attributes such as the presence of carnivore sign ( snow Leopard), terrain ( snow leopard and red fox) and application for lures ( red fox) influenced detectability. For the most part, detection probability was constant over time.
4. Species- specific differences in factors determining detectability make camera trap studies targeting multiple species particularly vulnerable to misinterpretation if the hierarchical origin of the data is ignored. Investigators should consider not only the magnitude of detectability, but also the shape of the curve describing the cumulative process of photographic detection, as this has consequences for both determining survey effort and the election of analytical models. Weighted time-to -event analysis can complement occupancy analysis and other hierarchal methods by providing additional tools for exploring camera trap data and testing hypotheses regarding the temporal aspect of photographic evidence accumulation. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1405 |
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Author |
Maheshwari, A., Midha, N.,Chehrukupalli, A. |
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Title |
Participatory Rural Appraisal and Compensation Intervention: Challenges and Protocols While Managing Large Carnivore–Human Conflict |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
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Pages |
62-71 |
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Keywords |
PRA, large carnivores–human conflict, compensation, livestock depredation, data collection protocols |
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Abstract |
When large carnivores cause socioeconomic losses in a community, conflict increases,
retaliatory killing of the carnivore can occur, and conservation efforts are undermined.
We focused on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and economic compensation
schemes as approaches for managing conflict. PRA is a tool for collecting data on
the large carnivore–human conflict and economic compensation schemes for those
affected negatively by carnivore presence. We reviewed published papers and reports
on large carnivore–human conflicts, PRA, and compensation schemes. This article
details insights into common pitfalls, key lessons learned, possible solutions including
new approaches for compensation and protocols to be followed while managing large
carnivore–human conflict. We hope to contribute to a meaningful dialogue between
locals, managers, and researchers and help in effective implementation of conservation
programs to mitigate large carnivore–human conflict around the protected areas. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1404 |
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