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Author |
Razmakhnin V.E. |
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Title |
Siberian wild ibex |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1977 |
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164-175 |
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Ussr; Siberian wild ibex; biology; distribution; number; variability; behavior; predators; snow leopard.; 8050; Russian |
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Abstract |
It provides a detailed description of biology, distribution, geographic variability, behavior, and locomotion features of ibex in the USSR. Its population was defined as 100,000 animals, main enemies being wolf, snow leopard, and golden eagle. Wolf mainly preys on ibex at the end of winter; old males, weakened during the heat mostly becoming a prey. Snow leopards prey on ibexes all year round. Golden eagles mostly prey on young ibexes. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ungulates. Rare animals of the USSR. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 783 |
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810 |
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Author |
Yanfa, L. |
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Title |
The care, breeding and diseases of snow leopards in Qinghai, China |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Pages |
167-175 |
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China; zoos; captivity; care; management; cages; cage; housing; behavior; reproduction; mating; courting; Pregnancy; birthing; estrus; development; medical; physiological; Disease; medicine; parasites; parasitism; respiratory; virulent; enteritis; browse; 3430 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 261 |
Serial |
1048 |
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Author |
Yanfa, L. |
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Title |
Snow leopard distribution, purchase locations and conservation in Qinghai Province, China |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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65-72 |
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conservation; Qinghai; China; scat; spray; kills; interviews; hunting; hunters; tracks; tracking; habitat; distribution; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; behavior; collection; blue; sheep; browse; 3400 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 260 |
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1047 |
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Author |
Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A. |
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Title |
Captive Management of the Snow Leopard |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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135-148 |
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zoos; captivity; captive; management; husbandry; diet; social; behavior; housing; habitat; breeding; status; distribution; parasites; vaccination; quarantine; Disease; medical; veterinary; medicine; ceasarean; hand-rearing; browse; hand rearing; hand; rearing; 3550 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 265 |
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1017 |
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Author |
Tserendeleg, J. |
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Title |
On Protection and Survey of Snow Leopards in Mongolia |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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43-46 |
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Mongolia; transects; survey; habitat; conservation; distribution; irbis; herders; Altay; Altai; predator; prey; ibex; argali; hunting; pelts; skins; furs; coats; killing; behavior; activity; scrapes; feces; scat; sprays; mating; breeding; gestation; Pregnancy; browse; Macne; blood-sucking; poison; Blood; sucking; 2890 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 259 |
Serial |
970 |
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Author |
Sapozhnikov G.N. |
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Title |
Wild sheep in Tajikistan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1976 |
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Pages |
199 p. |
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Keywords |
Tajikistan; urial; argali; taxonomy; morphology; variability; life history characteristics; distribution; number; diet; behavior; parasites; predators; snow leopard.; 8060; Russian |
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The monograph provides data concerning taxonomy, morphology, and age variability of wild sheep. There described distribution, number, population composition, behavioral patterns, reproduction, predators and parasites. Besides, a matter of conservation and sustainable use of the species is discussed. Together with wolf, snow leopard is called an enemy of O. o. vignei and argali (O. o. polii). |
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Full text available in Russian |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 784 |
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845 |
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Author |
Sitnikov, P. |
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Title |
The Death of a Snow Leopard |
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Conference Article |
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1988 |
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7-8 |
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siberia; Ussr; Irkutsk; behavior; interaction; human-interaction; 4150 |
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Helsinki, Finland |
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L.Blomqvist |
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Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: International Pedigree Book of Snow LeopardsDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 401 |
Serial |
895 |
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Author |
Shuren, X. |
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Title |
An introduction to feeding and management of snow leopard in Xining Zoo, China |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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177-182 |
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China; zoos; zoo; captivity; management; diet; behavior; trapping; hunting; breeding; mating; reproduction; browse; 3740 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 266 |
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893 |
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Author |
Thapa, K., Rayamajhi, S. |
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Title |
Anti-predator strategies of blue sheep (naur) under varied predator compositions: a comparison of snow leopard-inhabited valleys with and without wolves in Nepal |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Wildlife Research |
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1-9 |
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Annapurna conservation area, antipredator behavior, blue sheep (Naur), predation, prey predator traits, snow leopard, trade-off, wolf. |
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In Nepal, naur are usually the staple wild prey for the snow leopard, a solitary stalker hunter, and in some cases, for the wolf who hunts in a pack. We assumed that naur would adapt their anti-predatory responses to the presence of chasing and ambushing predators in the Manang Valley, where there are snow leopards and wolves, and in the Nar Phu valley, an area where there is only the snow leopard.
Aims. The aim of this study was to determine if there were differences in anti-predator strategies (vigilance, habitat selection and escape terrain) of naur in two valleys over two seasons, spring and autumn.
Methods. In spring 2019, we conducted a reconnaissance survey on the status of the naur and its habitat in the Manang and Nar Phu valleys of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. In spring and autumn 2020 and 2021, we observed 360 focal naur individuals (180 individuals in each valley), using the vigilance behaviour methodology to examine the behaviour of the naur.
Key results. There was little difference in the size of the naur groups between the Manang and Nar Phu valleys. The naur were twice as vigilant in Manang (15%), where there are snow leopards and wolves, as they were in Nar Phu (9%), with only snow leopards. The distance from the naur to escape cover was significantly shorter in Manang than in Nar Phu valley. Naur used significantly more rolling terrain in Nar Phu than in Manang. Conclusions. The return of wolves to the Manang valley may have resulted in an increase in the level of naur vigilance. Most likely, the wolves in Manang have already had an effect on the female-to-young-ratio, and this effect will possibly have important consequences for the naur population, as well as at the ecosystem level in the future. Other key determining factors, such as the climate crisis and changes in local resources, could have a significant impact on the naur population, indicating the need for more research. Implications. The findings of this study would provide valuable baseline information for the design of a science-based conservation strategy for conservation managers and scientists on naur, snow leopards and wolves. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1732 |
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Author |
Bogdanov O.P. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or irbis Uncia Uncia |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1992 |
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76-80 |
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Ussr; Uzbekistan; Pamir; tien shan; Hissar ridge; Turkestan ridge; Chatkal ridge; juniper forest; snow leopard; species range; hunting; behavior; diet; reproductive activity; number; ibex; mountain sheep.; 6380; Russian |
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Abstract |
Snow leopard and its habitat within the USSR and Uzbek SSR are described. Its habitat in the Chatkal and Hissar ridges are described too. Given are data concerning alimentary biology, reproduction, and attitude to man. Female snow leopards become mature at the age of two three years, male at the age of four years. Reproduction occurs once every two years. Presumably, there are 10 animals in the country. Snow leopard is protected in four nature reserves in Uzbekistan and a number of nature reserves in neighbour countries. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals of Uzbekistan. Encyclopedic reference book. |
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SLN @ rana @ 616 |
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185 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley |
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1997 |
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66-74 |
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India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 307 |
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308 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Observations of snow leopard stalking, killing and feeding behavior |
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1988 |
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Mammalia |
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52 |
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1 |
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137-140 |
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India; stalking; killing; feeding; behavior; observations; browse; 850 |
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Full Text at URLDocument Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 99 |
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292 |
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Author |
Flerov K.K. |
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Title |
Capra sibirica, Uncia uncia uncia Erxleben |
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1935 |
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115-120 |
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Tajikistan; wild ibex; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior.; 6690; Russian |
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It describes identification signs of ibex and snow leopard; provides data concerning taxonomy, distribution and behavioral patterns of the both species. Snow leopard inhibits the mountains of Central Asia, Tarbagatai, Altai, Sayans and southward to the Humalayas. In Tajikistan snow leopard is distributed in Pamir, and probably, along alpine strip of the ridges in northern Tajikistan. The sub-species status is not defined. It is known that the same type inhabits the area from the Sayans to Himalayas. Only in Tibet and highlands of Sychuan and Gansu lives a well-marked sub-species Uncia uncia uncioides Hodgson. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Tajikistan, their life and importance for man. |
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SLN @ rana @ 647 |
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278 |
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Author |
Dzhanyspaev, A.D. |
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Title |
Hunting Behavior of the Snow Leopard at the Alma-Atinski Nature Reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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1991 |
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Snow Line |
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ix |
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2 |
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4-6 |
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hunting; behavior; Ussr; Russia; stalking; browse; 4730 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Seattle |
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Translated by Marina Proutkina |
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SLN @ rana @ 460 |
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249 |
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Author |
Dhungel, S. |
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Title |
Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal |
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1994 |
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47-50 |
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Nepal; conservation; livestock; herder; herders; poaching; hunting; pelts; fur; coat; skin; distribution; status; behavior; predator; prey; breeding; Himalaya; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; biology; habitat; scent; spray; tracks; scrapes; home-range; mating; bharal; blue-sheep; goral; tahr; musk-deer; blue; sheep; browse; musk; deer; 3030 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
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Fox, J.L.; Jezing, D. |
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full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 306 |
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241 |
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Author |
Chundawat, R.S.; Rawat G.S. |
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Title |
Food Habits of Snow Leopard in Ladakh, India |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1990 |
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11 |
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India; Ladakh; behavior; predator; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; ibex; ungulates; marmots; parks; refuge; protected-area; reserves; diet; habitat; scat; kills; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 970 |
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Abstract |
The snow leopard has remained little studied in the past, and most of the information available is either in the form of natural history or anecdotal notes. The inaccessibility of the terrain and its secretive habits make this one of the more difficult animals to study in the wild. In the past decade, several ecological surveys were conducted in India, Nepal, China and Mongolia, which gave us information on the status and distribution of snow leopard (Jackson, Mallon, Fox, Schaller, Chundawat) A detailed study in Nepal through light on its secretive habits ( Jackson and Ahlborn, 1989). Even then little is known about its feeding habits. The present paper discusses this aspect from a study which was part of a detailed study conducted on the ecology of snow leopard in India from October 1987 to Feburary 1990. |
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full text available at URL |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 305 |
Serial |
223 |
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Author |
Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Habitat Selection by a Snow Leopard in Hemis National Park, India |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1990 |
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85-92 |
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habitat; Hemis; India; environemnt; behavior; homerange; home; range; movement; activity; kills; collars; browse; 4160 |
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Leif Blomqvist and Helesinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki, Findland |
Editor |
L.Blomqvist |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: International Pedigree Book of Snow LeopardsPlace of Meeting: Alma-Ata, KazakstanDate of Copyright: 1990Series Volume ID: 6 |
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SLN @ rana @ 211 |
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222 |
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Author |
Bykova E.A. |
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Title |
Method of questionnaire design used for the collecting of primary data on threatened species with the example of snow leopard |
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Miscellaneous |
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2004 |
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208-214 |
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Uzbekistan; questionnaire based method; distribution; number; food; behavior; poaching; snow leopard.; 6410; Russian |
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Method of questionnaire design is used for long time successfully in the various fields of zoological research. This method is most significant for the collecting of data on threatened species. It can be applied together with standard inquest and survey methods without taking remarkable financial and temporal expenses. Such data can be assigned as the base for further planning of scientific investigations of the threatened species. In the result of survey, there were gathered 96 records of Snow Leopard and its tracks of the vital functions on Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkestan and Hissar ridges. Majority of records was made on Hissar ridge either on the area of Hissar reserve, either outside of protected area. There was collected data on distribution of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan, on its territorial and food behavior, cases and causes of poaching. As a conclusion, it seems to be rational to use the method of questionnaire design among rangers of protected areas and local inhabitants for the collecting of primary information on threatened animal species. It would be optimal to gather such data every 3-4 years that would allow receiving the fresh comparable year-by-year information. Interpretation of questionnaire data should be made with certain prudence, taking into account subjectivity of collected information. Therefore during gathering of questionnaire data it is desirable personal attendance of researcher for more accurate definition of answers on the presented questions. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. |
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SLN @ rana @ 619 |
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205 |
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Author |
Freeman, H. |
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Title |
Social Behavior in the Snow Leopards and its implications for captive management |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
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1 |
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71-77 |
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social; behavior; captive; management; captivity; zoo; zoos; browse; 3600 |
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SLN @ rana @ 44 |
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314 |
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Author |
Aramov, B. |
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The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Gissarsky Nature Reserve |
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1997 |
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108-109 |
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breeding; diet; predator; prey; reserve; reserves; park; parks; refuge; livestock; marmot; goat; sheep; horse; ibex; habitat; Gissarsky; Tajikistan; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; behavior; wolves; Dogs; herder; herders; protected-area; browse; soviet; union; soviet union; 2820 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
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Jackson, R. and A.A. |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad. PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 302 |
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95 |
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Author |
Annenkov, B.P. |
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Title |
The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in the Dzungarsky Alatau |
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Conference Article |
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1990 |
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21-24 |
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Kazakhstan; status; distribution; conservation; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; behavior; protected-area; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; 3010 |
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Notes |
Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Sixth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: KazakhstanDate of Copyright: 1990 |
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SLN @ rana @ 163 |
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74 |
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Author |
Allabergenov E. |
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Title |
Predator that will never attack a man |
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1991 |
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1 207 (7. 896) |
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Uzbekistan; distribution; number; diet; behavior; snow leopard.; 5960; Russian |
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Irbis is a very endangered species in Uzbekistan. The article provides a brief description of the snow leopard appearance and distribution. Reasons for reduction of snow leopard population is reduction of ungulate populations it preys on ibex and wild sheep and anthropogenic disturbance. Hunting for snow leopard is prohibited everywhere. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vecherniy Tashkent Newspaper |
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SLN @ rana @ 575 |
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63 |
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Author |
Allabergenov E. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or ilvirs |
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1986 |
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1 122 (6. 013) |
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Uzbekistan; distribution; habitats; diet; behavior; snow leopard.; 5940; Russian |
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In Uzbekistan, snow leopard can be found in the Turkistan and Gissar ridges, in the mountains of Zaami, and in the Kurama, Chatkal and Ugam ridges. Here it keeps at up to 3,000 4,000 m above sea level. Snow leopard feeds upon wild ungulates ibex and sheep, and sometimes attacks livestock but never man. A brief information concerning peculiarities of snow leopard biology and behavioral patterns is provided. |
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1986 |
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Russian |
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Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Vecherniy Tashkent Newspaper. |
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SLN @ rana @ 573 |
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61 |
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Author |
Ali, S.M. |
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The Cats of India |
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1990 |
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Myforest |
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26 |
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3 |
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275-291 |
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lion; clouded-leopard; cheetah; tiger; leopard; snow-leopard; India; Panthera-leo; Neofelis-nebylosa; Acinonyx-jubatus; Panthera-tigris; Panthera-pardus; Panthera-uncia; behavior; ecology; snow leopard; browse; panthera; uncia; pardus; clouded; leo; neofelis; nebylosa; ancinonyx; jubatus; 820 |
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Describes the range, behaviour and ecology of lion Panthera leo, tiger P. tigris, leopard P. pardus, snow leopard P. uncia, clouded leopard Neofelis nebylosa and cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. -P.J.Jarvis |
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SLN @ rana @ 144 |
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59 |
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Author |
Akimushkin I. |
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Snow leopard or irbis |
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Miscellaneous |
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1988 |
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139-140 |
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Ussr; snow leopard; number; food; behavior; reproduction; threats.; 6000; Russian |
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Snow leopard behavioral patterns, food preferences, and reproduction are described in a popular way. The population of snow leopard is defined to be 1,000 animals. A reason for the population decline is hunting for the sake of beautiful fur. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. Mammals or animals. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 579 |
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49 |
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