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Jiang, Z. (2006). Rescue Snow Spirit---Snow Leopard. Zoological Research, , 242.
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Jiang, Z., Xu, A. (2006). Snow Leopard. Chiese Journal of Zoology, , 128.
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Bai, Y. (2004). Snow Leopard Poaching and Trafficking Trade Survey Project Progress Reports in Xinjiang, China. China.
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Karmacharya, D. B. (2011). Noninvasive genetic population survey of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Kangchenjunga conservation area, Shey Phoksundo National Park and surrounding buffer zones of Nepal. Bio Med Central, 4(516).
Abstract: Background
The endangered snow leopard is found throughout major mountain ranges of Central Asia, including the remote Himalayas. However, because of their elusive behavior, sparse distribution, and poor access to their habitat, there is a lack of reliable information on their population status and demography, particularly in Nepal. Therefore, we utilized noninvasive genetic techniques to conduct a preliminary snow leopard survey in two protected areas of Nepal.
Results
A total of 71 putative snow leopard scats were collected and analyzed from two different areas; Shey Phoksundo National Park (SPNP) in the west and Kangchanjunga Conservation Area (KCA) in the east. Nineteen (27%) scats were genetically identified as snow leopards, and 10 (53%) of these were successfully genotyped at 6 microsatellite loci. Two samples showed identical genotype profiles indicating a total of 9 individual snow leopards. Four individual snow leopards were identified in SPNP (1 male and 3 females) and five (2 males and 3 females) in KCA.
Conclusions
We were able to confirm the occurrence of snow leopards in both study areas and determine the minimum number present. This information can be used to design more in-depth population surveys that will enable estimation of snow leopard population abundance at these sites.
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Chundawat, R. S. (1992). Ecological Studies of Snow Leopard and its associated prey species in Hemis National Park, Ladakh.
Abstract: Trans Himalayas experience extremes of cold and arid climatic conditions which account for their lower productivity. The wild animals occur in lower densities and need relatively large areas to maintain viable populations. Though these animals are fully adapted to these environmental conditions, increasing human pressure poses a great threat to their survival.
Trans Himalayas are intrinsically a fragile ecosystem and their overuse has pushed them close to ravage in many localities. Higher Himalayas are progressively threatened by the increasing developmental activities such as opening up by new roads and and increasing number of satellite townships.
This region has long remained unstudied by conservationists. The paucity of information on this region is very well recognised by the managers and conservationists in the country as well as the world over. For better management and conservation of wildlife in the region, it is of paramount importance to have atleast the basic information on the status, distribution of flora and fauna, and other environmental and socio-economic aspects.
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Wildlife Times. (2011). Wildlife Times.(November).
Abstract: Snow Leopard Count – A census of Snow Leopard has started in Mustang District, Nepal
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Gurung, G. S. (2011). Enhancing herder's livelihoods and conserving the snow leopard in Nepal. Cat News, 55, 6.
Abstract: Loss of livestock to snow leopards Panthera Uncia is one of the primary concerns of subsistence herders' communities and one of the primary threats to conservation of this endsngered species throughout the alpine regions of the central Asia. Unless the relationship between snow leopards abd humans is better understood and appropriate strategies are applied, coexistence may not be sustainable. thus, to address this issue, WWF Nepal piloted a community-managed livestock insurance scheme in Ghunsa valley of Kangchenjunga Conservation Area simultaneously with various types of mitigation measures (i.e preventive and curative) We found significan advantages of the insurance scheme including that it is self-sustaining and locally managed thereby ensuring it is economically viable and effective in preventive retaliatory killing of snow leopards. The main strength of the insurance scheme is that it was designed and developed in close co-operation with the affected herders' communities. The communities start by designing a simple livestock insurance plan whereby owners contribute to a common fund that is later administered and managed at the local level, thus reducing likelihood of fraud. Benefit sharing of funds among subsistence herders' communities from income generating activities is on of the positive motivating tools for people towards snow leopards. Since initiated, snow leopard killings have gone from 1-3/year to 0/year for 3 years.
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Suraj Upadhaya. (2012). Junior Ranger Program: Initiatives for Biodiversity Conservation. Himalayas Nepal, (Nov 2011 - Feb 2012).
Abstract: The didactic Junior Ranger Program, whci was unique not onl in dolpa District, but also in the whole Nepal, was developed im such a way that each student gets an overview about the environment and its importance's on our life. The curriculum makes each and every student clear about the pollution, population, and basic needs for life, natural resources, corrective measures, and rold for environment conservation. Among all, the most improtant and interesting topic was about Snow Leopard. Being a student from the home of Snow Leopard (Panthera Uncia), I always get fascinated by this charismatic species.
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Suryawanshi, K. R. (2011). Standardizing the double-observer survey method for estimating mountain ungulate prey of the endangered snow leopard. Oecelogia, (December).
Abstract: Mountain ungulates around the world have been threatened by illegal hunting, habitat modification, increased livestock grazing, disease and development. Mountain ungulates play an important functional role in grasslands as primary consumers and as prey for wild carnivores, and monitoring of their populations is important for conservation purposes. However, most of the several currently available methods of estimating wild ungulate abundance are either difficult to implement or too expensive for mountainous terrain. A rigorous method of sampling ungulate abundance in mountainous areas that can allow for some measure of sampling error is therefore much needed. To this end, we used a combination of field data and computer simulations to test the critical assumptions associated with double-observer technique based on capture-recapture theory. The technique was modified and adapted to estimate the populations of bharal (Pseudois nayaur) and ibex (Capra sibirica) at five different sites. Conducting the two double-observer surveys simultaneously led to underestimation of the population by 15%. We therefore recommend separating the surveys in space or time.
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Abstract: Mountain ungulates around the world have been threatened by illegal hunting, habitat modification, increased livestock grazing, disease and development. Mountain ungulates play an important functional role in grasslands as primary consumers and as prey for wild carnivores, and monitoring of their populations is important for conservation purposes. However, most of the several currently available methods of estimating wild ungulate abundance are either difficult to implement or too expensive for mountainous terrain. A rigorous method of sampling ungulate abundance in mountainous areas that can allow for some measure of sampling error is therefore much needed. To this end, we used a combination of field data and computer simulations to test the critical assumptions associated with double-observer technique based on capture-recapture theory. The technique was modified and adapted to estimate the populations of bharal (Pseudois nayaur) and ibex (Capra sibirica) at five different sites. Conducting the two double-observer surveys simultaneously led to underestimation of the population by 15%. We therefore recommend separating the surveys in space or time.
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