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	Author	Hunter, D.
	Title	Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	26	Issue		Pages	15-16
	Keywords	asia; Mongolia; panthera uncia; endangered; threatened species; mammals; study methods; techniques; telemetry; snow leopard project; distribution; Gobi Desert; threatened; species; snow; leopard; snow-leopard; project; study; methods; panthera; uncia; browse; 630
	Abstract	A snow leopard project is underway to study snow leopards in Mongolia. The project, called the Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project, involves the Wildlife Conservation Society, the Mongolian Association for the Conservation of Nature and Environment, the National Geographic Society, the Mongolian Ministry of Nature and the Environment, the U.S. National Biological Service, and the International Snow Leopard Trust. The objective of the study is to survey the distribution and status of Mongolia's snow leopards, including those living in the Gobi Desert. klf.
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	Notes	AUTHOR ADDRESS: Natl. Biol. Surv., MESC, 4512 McMurray Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80525-3400, NOTES: reprinted from: Snow Line (Intl. Snow Leopard Trust) Vol. XIV, 1996. Document Type: English Call Number: WR97-008333			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 310			Serial	392
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	Author	Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C.
	Title	Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Oecologia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-10
	Keywords	browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya
	Abstract	Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya.
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	Publisher	Springer-Verlag	Place of Publication	Online	Editor
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	Notes	This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1062			Serial	951
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	Author	Mehta, J.; Heinen, J.T.
	Title	Does community-based conservation shape favorable attitudes among locals? An empirical study from Nepal			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Environmental Management	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	28	Issue	2	Pages	165-177
	Keywords	community-based; conservation; attitudes; attitude; local; study; Nepal
	Abstract	Like many developing countries, Nepal has adopted a community-based conservation (CBC) approach in recent years to manage its protected areas mainly in response to poor park-people relations. Among other things, under this approach the government has created new “people-oriented” conservation areas, formed and devolved legal authority to grassroots-level institutions to manage local resources, fostered infrastructure development, promoted tourism, and provided income-generating trainings to local people. Of interest to policy-makers and resource managers in Nepal and worldwide is whether this approach to conservation leads to improved attitudes on the part of local people. It is also important to know if personal costs and benefits associated with various intervention programs, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics influence these attitudes. We explore these questions by looking at the experiences in Annapurna and Makalu-Baran Conservation Areas, Nepal, which have largely adopted a CBC approach in policy formulation, planning, and management. The research was conducted during 1996 and 1997; the data collection methods included random household questionnaire surveys, informal interviews, and review of official records and published literature. The results indicated that the majority of local people held favorable attitudes toward these conservation areas. Logistic regression results revealed that participation in training, benefit from tourism, wildlife depredation issue, ethnicity, gender, and education level were the significant predictors of local attitudes in one of the other conservation area. We conclude that the CBC approach has potential to shape favorable local attitudes and that these attitudes will be mediated by some personal attributes.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 940			Serial	672
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	Author	Sharma, M., Khanyari, M., Khara, A., Bijoor, A., Mishra, C., Suryawanshi, K. R.
	Title	Can livestock grazing dampen density-dependent fluctuations in wild herbivore populations?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Journal of Applied Ecology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-12
	Keywords	competition, Gompertz state-space model, Himalaya, livestock, long-term study, negative density dependence, recruitment
	Abstract	1. Conservation policy for the high mountains of Asia increasingly recognises the need to encompass large multi-use landscapes beyond the protected area network. Due to limited long-term research in this region, our understanding of even fundamental processes, such as factors regulating large mammal populations is poor. 2. Understanding the factors that regulate animal populations, especially those generating cyclicity, is a long-standing problem in ecology. Long-term research across multiple taxa (mainly from Europe and North America) has focussed on the relative roles of food and predation in generating cyclicity in population dynamics. It remains unclear how trophic interactions that are influenced by anthropogenic stressors can affect population dynamics in human-modified landscapes. 3. We present a 10-year study to compare the effects of livestock grazing on density-dependent dynamics in two populations of bharal, Pseudois nayaur, in the Himalayas. We combine this with a mechanistic understanding of whether density dependence in these two sites acts predominantly by affecting adult survival or recruitment. We compared and quantified density dependence in the bharal population by fitting Bayesian Gompertz state-space models. 4. We found evidence for negative density dependence which indicates possible cyclic dynamics in the bharal population of the site (Tabo) with low livestock density. The population dynamics of this site were driven by recruited offspring—with a 2-year density-dependent lag effect—rather than adult survival. In the site with high livestock density (Kibber), this density dependence was not detected. We postulate the potential role of excessive grazing by livestock in affecting offspring recruitment, thereby affecting the bharal population in Kibber. 5. Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that conservation action to facilitate wild herbivore population recovery, such as the development of protected areas and village reserves, needs to account for density-dependent regulation. Sites with trophy hunting require continuous monitoring to understand the effects of density dependence so that appropriate hunting quotas can be formulated.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1747
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	Author	International Snow Leopard Trust
	Title	Snow Leopard News Summer/ Fall 1999			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1999	Publication	Snow Leopard News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	distribution; stutus; fur-trade; bones; medicine; conservation; enforcement; awareness; education; poaching; killing; hunting; web-of-life-poster; Slims; Nepal; field-study; Mongolia; prey; pelts; livestock; retaliatory-killing; habitat; browse; 4420
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	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor
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	Notes	Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Conservation Challenges2.Education in Action: Posters Distributed in Mongolia and Bhutan3.5th SLIMS Workshop Held in Nepal4.News and Notes5.Thoughts From a Snow Leopard6.Snow Leopard Spot			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 430			Serial	927
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	Author	Bajimaya, S.
	Title	Snow leopard manual: field study techniques for the kingdom of Nepal			Type	Report
	Year	2001	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-77
	Keywords	field study; Nepal; snow leopard; techniques
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	Publisher	WWF Nepal Program	Place of Publication	Kathmandu, Nepal	Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 950			Serial	109
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	Author	Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Munkhtsog, B.
	Title	Autumn Habitat Selection by Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Beita Mountain, Xinjiang, China			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2006	Publication	Zoological Research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	221-224
	Keywords	habitat; Habitat selection; selection; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; mountain; Xinjiang; China; Chinese; Altay; mountain system; system; 30; transects; transect; surveys; survey; study; area; analysis; primary; factor; 200; 600; Base; valley; Forest; region; south; grazing; status; topography
	Abstract	Habitat selection of Snow Leopard ( Unica unica) in Beita Mountain of the Altay Mountain system in northeast Xinjiang was conducted from September to October 2004. Six habitat features of 59 sites used by Snow Leopard and 30 random plots were measured by locating 15 transects surveys in the study area . Vanderploge and Scaviaps selectivity index was used to assess Snow Leopardps selection for the different habitat parameters. Principal Component Analysis was used as the primary factor . The results indicated that Snow Leopard preferred the altitude between 2000 – 2 200 m and avoided 2 600 – 3 000 m ; selected cliff base , ridgeline and avoided hillside and valley bottom ; utilized the shrub and rejected the forest ; selected the nongrazing area and avoided the slightly broken region ; preferred north orientation and rejected the south orientation. The results show that grazing status , vegetation type , topography and the ruggedness are the primary factors for the habitat selection of Snow Leopard.
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	Notes	Full text available in Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 872			Serial	1039
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G.
	Title	Himalayan snow leopard project: final progress report, phase 1			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Himalayan; field-study; Nepal; browse; field; study; 3360; Report; national; Jackson
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	Notes	Report to National Geographic Society. Washington D.C. 94 pp. Report not available but is superceded by Rodney Jackson's PhD thesis:Home Range, Movements and Habitat use of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Nepal (1996). Thesis is available in this bibliography.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 94			Serial	436
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	Author	Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	Studies on Snow Leopard and Prey Species in Hemis National Park			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1993	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	xi	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Himalayas; India; protected-areas-network; flagship-species; Ladkh; Jammu; Kashmir; transects; field-study; research; scat; browse; 4670
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	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Seattle	Editor
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	Notes	Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 454			Serial	225
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat R.S.; Das, P.K.
	Title	A Field Survey of Snow Leopard Presence and Habitat use in Northwestern India			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	99-111
	Keywords	India; habitat; status; distribution; Ladakh; himalayans; field study; tracking; tracks; scraping; spraying; marking; predator; prey; livestock; herder; herders; browse; 1690
	Abstract	During November 1985 through July1996, a survey of snow leopard presence and ecology was conducted in selected areas of the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh in north-western India. The study was carried out under the auspices of the Wildlife Institute of India in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the International Snow Leopard Trust. The objectives of the survey were essentially determine the relative presence of the snow leopard and its associated prey species,investigate human interaction with the snow leopard and select an appropriate site for more intensive studies of the snow leopard and its ecosystem.
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	Publisher	International Snow Leoaprd Trust and Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	India	Editor	H.Freeman
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	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 119			Serial	293
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