| Records |
| Author |
Din, J. U., Bari, F., Ali, H., Rehman, E. U., Adli, D. S. H., Abdullah, N. A., Norma-Rashid, Y., Kabir, M., Hameed, S., Nawaz, D. A., Nawaz, M. A. |
| Title |
Drivers of snow leopard poaching and trade in Pakistan and implications for management |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Nature Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
46 |
Issue  |
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Pages |
49-62 |
| Keywords |
conflict, illegal trade, northern Pakistan, pelt, poaching; retaliatory killing |
| Abstract |
The snow leopard is one of the highly valued species from high-altitude mountain ecosystems of Central and Southeast Asia, including Pakistan. This keystone species is facing a myriad of conventional and emerging threats, including poaching and trade, that are poorly documented in Pakistan. To understand the dynamics and drivers of the poaching and trading of snow leopards in Pakistan, we investigated the issue in depth through a multifaceted survey in the snow leopard range of the country. We recorded 101 snow leopard poaching incidences from 11 districts during 2005–2017. The reported poaching incidences varied spatially (‒x = 9 ± 2.6 [95% Cl: 3–15]) and temporally (‒x = 7.8 ± 1.09) and accounted for 2–4% annual population loss (n = 200–420) in a period of 13 years. Poaching and trade together constituted 89% of the total incidence reported and animals were mostly shot (66%), poisoned (12%), snared (12%) and captured (4%), respectively. Only a fraction (3%) of the incidences were reported to the relevant law enforcement agencies. Trade routes included large cities and neighbouring countries, even the Middle East and Europe. The average base and end prices for each item were 245 ± 36 USD and 1,736 ± 520 USD, respectively, while maximum monetary fines set as per the law were 275 USD. Our results establish the need for developing multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms at regional, national and international levels and information sharing to curb this menace. Improving the existing laws and surveillance system, while taking the local communities onboard, will further help to this end. |
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no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1672 |
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| Author |
Jafri, R.H.; Shah, F. |
| Title |
The role of education and research in the conservation of snow leopard and its habitat in Northern Pakistan |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
273-277 |
| Keywords |
Pakistan; Khunjerab; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; education; ibex; Marco-Polo-sheep; hunting; predator; prey; diet; marmot; activity; Nepal; Chitral-Gol; war; land-use; climate; blue-sheep; home-range; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; Marco-Polo; protected; area; areas; land use; land; 3120 |
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| Publisher |
Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 233 |
Serial |
482 |
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| Author |
Ahmad, A. |
| Title |
Protection of Snow Leopards through Grazier Communities:Some Examples from WWF-Pakistan's Projects in the Northern Areas |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
265-272 |
| Keywords |
conservation; Pakistan; Wwf; world-wildlife-fund; livestock; herders; herder; status; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; Dir; chitral; predator; prey; grazier; pelt; fur; coat; skin; poaching; Khunjerab; Marco-Polo-sheep; ibex; markhor; hunting; browse; protected; area; sheep; Marco-Polo; 2040 |
| Abstract |
Snow leopards occur near the snow line in northern Pakistan in the districts of Swat, Dir and Chitral of the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Muzaffarabad district in Azad Kashmir and Gilgit and Baltistan districts in the Northern Areas. Although a number of protected areas are present in the form of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and game reserves (Table 1) where legal protection is available to all wildlife species, including snow leopards, the status of this endangered species is not improving satisfactorily. The reasons are many and range from direct persecution by livestock owners to the less than strict management of protected areas.
Because of remote and inaccessible locations and lack of proper communication with local communities, government officials and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with conservation find it difficult to obtain statistics on mortality of snow leopards. However, the killing of snow leopards is not uncommon. Because of the close and long-term association between local villagers and snow leopards, it is only through the support and cooperation of these peoples that protection of this endangered species can be assured against most of the existing threats. The effects of such cooperation has been clearly shown through some of the conservation projects of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – Pakistan. Details of such projects and certain lessons that can be learned from these and similar projects are discussed in this paper. |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
| Language |
English |
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Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 209 |
Serial |
40 |
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| Author |
Ahmad, I.; Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R. |
| Title |
A Snow Leopard and Prey Species Survey in Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
92-95 |
| Keywords |
Slims; Islt; Wwf; predator; prey; Pakistan; Khunjerab; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Marco-Polo-sheep; blue-sheep; surveys; survey; transect; sighn; markings; marking; scrape; spray; ibex; tracks; pug marks; feces; livestock; kill; herder; herders; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; world wildlife fund; marco polo sheep; marco polo; pug; marks; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2810 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
| Language |
English |
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Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 300 |
Serial |
42 |
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| Author |
Anonymous |
| Title |
Resolutions Conservation of Snow Leopard, Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
329-331 |
| Keywords |
resolutions; conservation; management; Khunjerab; Taxkorgan; Sagarmatha; Makalu-Barun; Qomolangma; Transboundry; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Nepal; Tibet; China; Pakistan; Cites; Slims; eco-development; livestock; herders; conflict; siberia; gobi; Altay; Altai; Mongolia; Arksai; Liqaru; Arba; Ganzi; Baoxin; pollution; pesticides; toxicity; cooperation; status; zoos; zoological-gardens; browse; protected; area; areas; protected area; protected areas; eco development; eco; development; zoological; gardens; zoological gardens; 3530 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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| Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
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SLN @ rana @ 214 |
Serial |
82 |
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| Author |
Ferguson, D.A. |
| Title |
International Cooperation for Snow Leopard and Biodiversity Conservation: The Government Perspective |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Issue |
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Pages |
178-193 |
| Keywords |
snow leopard; biodiversity; management; development; India; Pakistan; conservation; hunting; poaching; hunter; pelt; skin; fur; coat; livestock; habitat; herder; herders; Ussr; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; Slims; field study; survey; surveys; transects; transect; Khunjerab; protected area; browse; U.S.S.R.; 2990 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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full text available at URL Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
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SLN @ rana @ 210 |
Serial |
274 |
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| Author |
Fox, J.L. |
| Title |
Snow leopard conservation in the wild – a comprehensive perspective on a low density and highly fragmented population |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
3-15 |
| Keywords |
conservation; habitat; distribution; range; tibetan-plateau; Himalaya; Taklimakan-desert; Karakoram; Hindu-kush; Pamir; Kun-Lun; Tien-Shan; Altay; Cites; status; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; India; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Nepal; Pakistan; Russia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; protected-area; parks; park; reserve; refuge; research; management; kazakstan; browse; tibetan; plateau; taklimakan; desert; hindu; protected; area; 2630 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.Fox; J.Du |
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| Notes |
Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
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SLN @ rana @ 216 |
Serial |
304 |
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| Author |
Fuller, S.; Ahmed, J. |
| Title |
Opportunities for Transfrontier Protected Areas in Northern Pakistan |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
204-215 |
| Keywords |
Pakistan; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; hunting; Hindu-kush; Khunjerab; ibex; livestock; predator; prey; herders; herder; Wwf; protected-area; browse; world wildlife fund; protected; area; areas; 3050 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ashiq |
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Summary Language |
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| Notes |
Full Text Available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 396 |
Serial |
328 |
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| Author |
Green, M.J.B. |
| Title |
Protecting the mountains of Central Asia and their snow leopard populations |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
223-239 |
| Keywords |
asia; conservation; distribution; status; habitat; predator; prey; herders; herder; livestock; management; protected- area; parks; park; reserve; refuge; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; gansu; Qinghai; Sichuan; India; Sikkim; Nepal; Pakistan; Ussr; Russia; Soviet-Union; Kazakhstan; Kirghizia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; protected-area; kazakstan; Kirgizia; browse; protected; area; soviet; union; 2060 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust and Chicago Zoological Society |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
J.L.Fox; Du Jizeng |
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| Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. Place of Meeting: Xining, Qinghai, ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 218 |
Serial |
350 |
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| Author |
Green, M.J.B.; Zhimbiev, B. |
| Title |
Transboundary Protected Areas and Snow Leopard Conservation |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
194-202 |
| Keywords |
conservation; parks; park; reserve; refuge; snow-leopard; management; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; Pakistan; Nepal; India; Mongolia; Russia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; habitat; protected-area; kazakstan; snow leopard; browse; protected; area; 3000 |
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| Publisher |
Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson and A.Ahmad |
| Language |
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Summary Language |
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| Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 312 |
Serial |
351 |
| Permanent link to this record |
