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Wahlberg, C. (1980). Autopsy findings and causes of death in captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia): a preliminary report. In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards (Vol. 2, pp. 205–217). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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Joslin, J. O., Garner, M., Collins, D., Kamaka, E., Sinabaldi, K., Meleo, K., et al. (2000). Viral papilloma and squamous cell carcinomas in snow leopards (Uncia uncia). In 2000 Proceedings AAZV & IAAAM Joint Conference (pp. 155–158). AAZV & IAAAM Joint Conference.
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Wharton, D., & Mainka, S. A. (1997). Management and husbandry of the snow leopard Uncia uncia. International Zoo Yearbook, 35, 139–147.
Abstract: The international studbook for the Snow leopard Uncia uncia was established in 1976. The species has been the focus of intensive captive management and as at 1 January 1992, 541 animals were maintained at 160 collections. This paper gives an overview of the diet, housing, breeding and captive management of the species with specific reference to animals maintained in North American collections. A summary of veterinary care reported in the Snow leopard captive-management survey is also given.
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Knowles, J. (1982). Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) at Marwell Zoological Park. In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 (Vol. 3, pp. 59–62). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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Koivisto, I. (1978). Preface. In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 (Vol. 1, pp. 1–2). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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Meiers, S. T. (1992). Habitat use by captive puma (Felis concolor) and snow leopards (Pathera uncia) at the Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois. Ph.D. thesis, DePaul University, .
Abstract: Between May 1990 and January 1991, behavioral observations were made of two captive pumas (Felis concolor Linnaeus), and two captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber) in their outdoor exhibits at the Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens, Chicago, Illinois. Behaviors compared within and between species included: 1) time spend in the different habitat types; 2) time budgets for the different behaviors: laying, moving, sitting, standing, crouching, in the tree, drinking, urinating, defecating, within their inside dens, and “behavior not determined” when the identity or behavior of the individuals could not be determined; and 3) mobility of the animals within their exhibits. Also examined were: 4) preferences for different habitat types; 5) recommendations for future exhibit designs. Both species located themselves within their exhibits in a non-random manner. The majority of cats' time was spent in elevated locations (i.e., gunite ledges approximately 1-5.5 m above ground-level). Snow leopards exhibited this tendency to a greater extent than did the pumas. Both species also spent the majority of their time in the lying-down behavior; again snow leopards displayed this tendency significantly more than the pumas. Pumas were highly mobile and changed locations and behaviors in their exhibit significantly more than the snow leopards. No significant differences were noted between conspecifics in regard to habitat type preference, or mobility within the exhibit. Suggestions for future exhibit design include elevated locations for the cats to lay and look around within and outside their exhibits, caves for access to shade or relief from inclement weather, and ground surfaces to move about on. Features for exhibit design should take into consideration the natural habitat of the cat to occupy the exhibit.
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Nardelli, F. (1982). Keeping and breeding snow leopards at the Rare Felids Increasing Centre, Nettuno, Italy. In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 (Vol. 3, pp. 63–66). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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Nishine, Y. (1998). The captive snow leopard programme (SSCJ) in Japan. In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards (Vol. 7, pp. 21–25). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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Nishine, Y. (2003). Development of the captive breeding programme (SSCJ) in Japan 1997-2001 (Vol. 8).
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O'Connor, T., & Freeman, H. (1982). Maternal behavior and behavioral development in the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia). In L. Blomqvist (Ed.), International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 (Vol. 3, pp. 103–110). Helsinki: Helsinki Zoo.
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