Records |
Author |
Knowles, J. |
Title |
Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) at Marwell Zoological Park |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
59-62 |
Keywords |
captive; International; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; snow leopard; zoo; zoological |
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Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1031 |
Serial |
539 |
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Author |
Kogan M.I. |
Title |
The Kazakh SSR. The Kyrgyz SSR. The Uzbek and Tajik SSR. The Turkmen SSR |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1931 |
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Volume |
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Pages |
47, 51-52,55-57, 59, 61-62. |
Keywords |
Central Asia; game species; fur-trade; snow leopard.; 7160; Russian |
Abstract |
It describes geographical, soil, climatic and hydrological features of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Types of economic activities including fur-trade are described, too. Game preserves are classified, and list of game fauna species inhabiting these republics is given. Snow leopard lives in rocky mountains and is hunted very rarely. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Soviet Asia as a fur-trade region. |
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no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 694 |
Serial |
540 |
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Author |
Koivisto, I. |
Title |
Preface |
Type |
Book Chapter |
Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-2 |
Keywords |
captive; International; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo |
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Publisher |
Helsinki Zoo |
Place of Publication |
Helsinki |
Editor |
Blomqvist, L. |
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no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1032 |
Serial |
542 |
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Author |
Koju. N. P, , Bashyal, B., Pandey, B. P., Shah, S. N., Thami, S. ,Bleisch, W. V. |
Title |
First camera-trap record of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-4 |
Keywords |
Camera trap, corridor, Gaurishankar Conser- vation Area, Nepal, Panthera uncia, prey abundance, transboundary, snow leopard |
Abstract |
The snow leopard Panthera uncia is the flagship species of the high mountains of the Himalayas. There is po- tentially continuous habitat for the snow leopard along the northern border of Nepal, but there is a gap in information about the snow leopard in Gaurishankar Conservation Area. Previous spatial analysis has suggested that the Lamabagar area in this Conservation Area could serve as a transbound- ary corridor for snow leopards, and that the area may con- nect local populations, creating a metapopulation. However, there has been no visual confirmation of the species in Lamabagar. We set !! infrared camera traps for " months in Lapchi Village of Gaurishankar Conservation Area, where blue sheep Pseudois nayaur, musk deer Moschus leucogaster and Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus, all snow leopard prey species, had been observed. In November #$!% at &,!$$ m, ' km south-west of Lapchi Village, one camera recorded three images of a snow leopard, the first photographic evidence of the species in the Conservation Area. Sixteen other species of mammals were also recorded. Camera-trap records and sightings indicated a high abun- dance of Himalayan tahr, blue sheep and musk deer. Lapchi Village may be a potentially important corridor for snow leopard movement between the east and west of Nepal and northwards to Quomolongma National Park in China. However, plans for development in the region present in- creasing threats to this corridor. We recommend develop- ment of a transboundary conservation strategy for snow leopard conservation in this region, with participation of Nepal, China and international agencies. |
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1622 |
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Author |
Kolbintsev V.G. |
Title |
Modern status of endangered vertebrates in Aksu Jabagly nature reserve |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
Vol.8. |
Issue |
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Pages |
139-140 |
Keywords |
Kazakhstan; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; endangered vertebrates; number; snow leopard.; 7180; Russian |
Abstract |
Data on number of several endangered vertebrates inhabiting in Aksu Jabagly nature reserve in 1990-2000 are given. Number of snow leopard is rather stable and evaluated as 2-3 pairs. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of W Tien Shan (Kazakhstan). Proceedings of Aksu Jabagly State nature reserve. |
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no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 696 |
Serial |
544 |
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Author |
Kolbintsev V.G. |
Title |
The role of the Aksu-Djabagly nature reserve in the vertebrate animals gene pool conservation |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
Part 3. |
Issue |
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Pages |
254-256 |
Keywords |
Kazakhstan; Aksu-Jabagly nature reserve; gene pool; fauna; rare species; mammals; birds; snow leopard.; 7170; Russian |
Abstract |
The Aksu-Djabagly nature reserve is a real guarantor for conservation of gene pool of five species Tien Shan bear, golden eagle, bearded vulture, Blue whistling thrush, and probably Central Asia stone marten. To strengthen the role of the nature reserve in the rare species conservation it is necessary to extend its area to a number of additional land plots belonging to forestries. |
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Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR future and present. |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 695 |
Serial |
543 |
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Author |
Kolosov A.M. |
Title |
Genus Snow leopards Uncia |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1979 |
Publication |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
150-151 |
Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; systematic position; life-history; distribution; number; preys; practical use.; 7220; Russian |
Abstract |
It provides description of appearance, distribution, behavioral patterns, and use of snow leopard in the USSR. The predator inhabits the mountains of Central Asia, east of the Amudarya river, along the ridges of Djungar Ala-Tau and Tarbagatai, South Altai, West and East Sayans. Its main food is ungulates, though it also preys on snow-cocks, marmots, small birds, and rodents. Sometimes attacks sheep. It has no enemy other than wolf; its diseases are not studied. Snow leopard is not dangerous for man. The fur-skin is used for making rugs and fur. Less than 1,000 animals are hunted globally. Before 1960, in the USSR less than 120 skins were annually purchased. Its total population is several thousand animals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology of game animals in the USSR. |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 700 |
Serial |
549 |
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Author |
Kolosov A.M. |
Title |
Central Asia |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1975 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
93-104 |
Keywords |
Central Asia; mountain system; species composition; distribution; number; habitats; rare species; endemics; game species; mammals; snow leopard.; 7190; Russian |
Abstract |
It describes a mammal species composition in the mountain ecosystems of Central Asia Kopetdag, Hissaro-Alai and Pamir, Tien Shan, and Tarbagatai ridge. Data on distribution and population number is presented. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection and enrichment of the USSR fauna. |
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no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 697 |
Serial |
546 |
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Author |
Kolosov A.M. |
Title |
Snow leopard, or irbis, – Felis uncia Schreb |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1961 |
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89-90 |
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Ussr; snow leopard; systematic position; life-history; distribution; number; preys.; 7200; Russian |
Abstract |
It describes appearance, distribution and behavioral patterns of snow leopard in the USSR. The predator inhabits the mountains of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and the Altai and mainly feeds upon ungulates, and also snow-cocks, marmots, small birds, and rodents. Sometimes attacks sheep. Number of snow leopards is very low. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology of commercial game animals in the USSR. |
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no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 698 |
Serial |
547 |
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Author |
Konrath, R. |
Title |
Snow leopard born at Milwaukee |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Animal Keepers' Forum |
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11 |
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11 |
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snow leopard, captivity, Milwaukee Zoo, birth |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1224 |
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Author |
Konrath, R. |
Title |
Snow leopard born at Milwaukee |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Animal Keepers' Forum |
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11 |
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11 |
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snow leopard, captivity, Milwaukee Zoo, birth |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1225 |
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Korablev, M. P., Poyarkov, A. D., Karnaukhov, A. S., Zvychaynaya, E. Y., Kuksin, A. N., Malykh, S. V., Istomov, S. V., Spitsyn, S. V., Aleksandrov, D. Y., Hernandez-Blanco, J. A., Munkhtsog, B., Munkhtogtokh, O., Putintsev, N. I., Vereshchagin, A. S., Becmurody, A., Afzunov, S., Rozhnov, V. V. |
Title |
Large-scale and fine-grain population structure and genetic diversity of snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber, 1776) from the northern and western parts of the range with an emphasis on the Russian population. |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Conservation Genetics |
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Keywords |
Snow leopard, Panthera uncia, Microsatellites, Heterozygosity, Population structure, Noninvasive survey, Scat, Subspecies |
Abstract |
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia Schreber, 1776) population in Russia and Mongolia is situated at the northern edge of the range, where instability of ecological conditions and of prey availability may serve as prerequisites for demographic instability and, consequently, for reducing the genetic diversity. Moreover, this northern area of the species distribution is connected with the western and central parts by only a few small fragments of potential habitats in the Tian-Shan spurs in China and Kazakhstan. Given this structure of the range, the restriction of gene flow between the northern and other regions of snow leopard distribution can be expected. Under these conditions, data on population genetics would be extremely important for assessment of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow both at regional and large-scale level. To investigate large-scale and fine-grain population structure and levels of genetic diversity we analyzed 108 snow leopards identified from noninvasively collected scat samples from Russia and Mongolia (the northern part of the range) as well as from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan (the western part of the range) using panel of eight polymorphic microsatellites. We found low to moderate levels of genetic diversity in the studied populations. Among local habitats, the highest heterozygosity and allelic richness were recorded in Kyrgyzstan (He = 0.66 ± 0.03, Ho = 0.70 ± 0.04, Ar = 3.17) whereas the lowest diversity was found in a periphery subpopulation in Buryatia Republic of Russia (He = 0.41 ± 0.12, Ho = 0.29 ± 0.05, Ar = 2.33). In general, snow leopards from the western range exhibit greater genetic diversity (He = 0.68 ± 0.04, Ho = 0.66 ± 0.03, Ar = 4.95) compared to those from the northern range (He = 0.60 ± 0.06, Ho = 0.49 ± 0.02, Ar = 4.45). In addition, we have identified signs of fragmentation in the northern habitat, which have led to significant genetic divergence between subpopulations in Russia. Multiple analyses of genetic structure support considerable genetic differentiation between the northern and western range parts, which may testify to subspecies subdivision of snow leopards from these regions. The observed patterns of genetic structure are evidence for delineation of several management units within the studied populations, requiring individual approaches for conservation initiatives, particularly related to translocation events. The causes for the revealed patterns of genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity are discussed. |
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1633 |
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Author |
Korelov M.N. |
Title |
The vertebrates of Bostandyk region |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1956 |
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269, 314 |
Keywords |
Western Tien Shan; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 7230; Russian |
Abstract |
Data about faunistic complexes of Bostandyk region is provided. Snow leopard inhabited in high mountains of Chatkal, Pskem and Ugam ridges. The tracks of irbis were recorded in the snowfield near the edge of Pskem ridge (upper Ichnach-say river). |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and economic conditions in the mountain part of Bostandyk. |
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no |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 701 |
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550 |
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Author |
Korytin S.A. |
Title |
Animal's behavior near attractions. Animal's reaction to chasing with dogs. Animal behavior and traps |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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49-51 |
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Cats; behavior; snow leopard.; 7300; Russian |
Abstract |
It describes trophic behavior of the cat family species (lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, caracal, reed cat, wild cat and domestic cat), their reaction to dog-chasing and behavioral patterns when trapped. Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) sometime eat dead animals. After killing the prey they take it away. Irbis eats the carcass, half-risen on front limbs, beginning from the chest and front limbs or lower part of belly, usually not touching intestines. It eats slowly and spends a lot of time near the carcass and returns to the carcass several times. Known are cases that two snow leopards, or a snow leopard and wolf eating the prey together. Snow leopard usually keeps birds off the carcass. If a man approaches snow leopard normally goes away, sometimes putting up with his close presence. Escaping from dogs, snow leopard was seen to plunge into the river. When trapped, snow leopard rather easily surrenders to man. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Habits of wild animals. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 708 |
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551 |
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Author |
Kosharev, E.P. |
Title |
Snow Leopard and Turkestan Lynx Poaching in Central Asia |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
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Cat News |
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Autumn |
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21 |
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Central Asia; poaching; Russian; snow leopard; Turkestan |
Abstract |
Of the many problems facing the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan after the break-up of the USSR, poaching of endandered animals is of particular concern. Everything is up for sale through the black market, networks of acquaintances, middlemen or even advertisements in the newspapers: horns, skins, mounted trophies, animal parts for traditional medicine. Interest in snow leopard and Turkestan lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus Blyth), and skins and horns from mountain sheep and goats sharply increased in 1992-93, and prices grew unusually high. |
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Translated from Russian by Kathleen Braden. |
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SLN @ rana @ 941 |
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553 |
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Author |
Kosharev, E.P. |
Title |
Excerpts from “The snow leopard in Kirgizia” |
Type |
Magazine Article |
Year |
1990 |
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Snow Line |
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8 |
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2 |
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7-8 |
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snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; population |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Translation by Kathleen Braden from Chapter 3, “Distribution and population of snow leopard in Kirgizia” from the following book: “The Snow Leopard of Kirgizia” by E.P. Kosharev, published in 1989 by Ilum Publishers. |
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SLN @ rana @ 968 |
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552 |
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Author |
Koshkarev E. |
Title |
About snow leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
2001 |
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Vol. 8. |
Issue |
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148-151 |
Keywords |
Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7290; Russian |
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In 1980-s, in Central Asia there were 1,500-1,700 snow leopards: 800-900 in Kyrgyzstan, 500 in Tajikistan, 200 in Kazakhstan, and 100 in Uzbekistan. During the last century the number of snow leopard was constantly decreasing, though a its drastic reduction was observed after the collapse of the Soviet Union because of increased poaching for snow leopard and its objects of prey. The highest level of poaching was observed to occur in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan's population of snow leopard reduced to 200 animals. A decrease of snow leopard number in other parts of its habitat with less intense hunting (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, south-west Kyrgyzstan) was mostly because of depletion of food resources (population of ungulates reduced five eight times). The reasons are corruption and unemployment. In order to improve the situation it is required to improve regulatory framework and replicate existing positive experience in economic motivation of nature protection activities. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan (Kazakhstan part). Proceedings of the Aksu Jabagly state nature reserve. |
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SLN @ rana @ 707 |
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557 |
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Koshkarev E. |
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What has happened to the snow leopard after the break-up of Soviet Union? |
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Miscellaneous |
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2000 |
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4 (19) |
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72 |
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Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7280; Russian |
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It describes status of snow leopard in republics of the former Soviet Union, main reasons for poaching and negative and positive experience on species conservation. The total number of snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the 1980's was at least 1200-1400. In Kazakhstan the snow leopard population totaled 180-200, in Uzbekistan around 100, and in Russia 150-200. The number and natural habitat of the species were in universal decline. Losses in Kyrgyzstan from poaching alone were no less than 30 animals per year in 1960-1980's. During this period the population in this area decreased by half, and the natural habitat by one third. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, poaching of the snow leopard and its pray grew by at least a factor of 3-4. It was estimated that 500-600 animals reduced the Kyrgyz snow leopard population in the 1990's. The population that remains today can barely be more than 150-200 individual snow leopards. The population has been physically decimated. Number of snow leopard in existence today in the former Soviet Union does not exceed 700-900 individual animals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature conservation Journal. |
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SLN @ rana @ 706 |
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556 |
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Koshkarev E. |
Title |
Critical Ranges as Centres of Biodiversity |
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Miscellaneous |
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1998 |
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N 14 |
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37-38 |
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Central Asia; biodiversity; rare species; species survival; snow leopard.; 7270; Russian |
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A high percentage of rare species in Central Asia experience limited conditions for distribution. Geographic centers with higher species diversity are generally constrained in terms of territory: they are formed when ranges overlap. But in Central Asia and along its borders with Russia, centers of biodiversity overlap at the very marginal edges of ranges. Central Asian species cross into Russian territory, where desert and steppe are replaced by thick forest. Here the northern borders of their ranges are sharply fragmented and isolated. Typical examples for Central Asia are the ranges of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), Asian leopard (Panthera pardus caucasica), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Bukhara deer (Census elaphus bactrianus), markhor (Capra falconeri), blue sheep (Pseudois nayauf) and argali (Ovis ammon). In Russia are the Altai subspecies of argali, the Siberian argali (O.a.ammon), the mountain goat (Capra sibirica), Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa), snow leopard (Uncia uncia), Pallas' cat (Felis manul), dhole (Cuon alpinus), grey marmot (Marmota baibacina), Mongolian marmot (M. sibirica) and tolai hare (Lepus tolai). Where the numbers o f individuals has fallen to extreme lows, the most effective mechanism for species survival may be supporting the integrity of ranges, in order to preserve population exchanges between neighboring groups. The geographic location of reserves and other protected territories is vitally important for the survival of Central Asian species, given the acute fragmentation of their ranges. These reserves should include significant, viable centers of population the key places. Wherever the creation of permanent protected territories is impossible, a new tactic must be found, such as introducing temporary limitations on the use of land for agriculture and hunting. But all protected territories, whether temporary or permanent, should be connected, forming a core and periphery. The marginal range areas must not be forgotten, if total protection of endangered populations is to be accomplished. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Russian Conservation News. |
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SLN @ rana @ 705 |
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555 |
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Koshkarev E.P. |
Title |
Key areas of snow leopard's habitat as main conservation objects |
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Miscellaneous |
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1990 |
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Part. 1. |
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97-98 |
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Kazakhstan; Southern Siberia; Central Asia; Talass ridge; Chatkal ridge; Zeravshan ridge; Hissar ridge; species range; key sites; snow leopard; nature reserves.; 7260; Russian |
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The most vulnerable key areas within the snow leopard habitat are East Kazakhstan (an area of 48,000 square km) with no protected areas network established, and South Siberia (131,000 square km), where snow leopard is protected in three nature reserves. These areas are distant from main part of the habitat, isolated and have more extreme conditions. In Central Asia's key area (213,000 square km) linked to a main Chinese-Afghani part of the habitat, snow leopard was found in 11 nature reserves and two national parks. For reliable protection of this species it would be expedient to strengthen the role of the mountain nature reserves by means of extension and amalgamation of the areas, and other measures. |
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Full text available in Russian
Journal Title: Environmental problems of wildlife protection. |
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SLN @ rana @ 704 |
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560 |
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Koshkarev E.P. |
Title |
Geographic prerequisites for snow leopard conservation in the USSR |
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Miscellaneous |
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1990 |
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153-154 |
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Pamir; Pamir-Alai; tien shan; Jungar Alatau; Tarbagatai; Saur; Altai; Sayans; snow leopard.; 7250; Russian |
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Three key areas of the snow leopard habitat in the USSR are geographically segregated: Central Asia (Pamir, Tien Shan, Pamiro-Alai), East Kazakhstan (Jungar Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saur), and South Siberia (Altai, the Sayans), which are separated from one another. The fate of snow leopard in East Kazakhstan and South Siberia causes the most anxiety. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V Congress of all-Union mammalogy' society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 703 |
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559 |
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Koshkarev E.P. |
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Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The structure of habitat, ecology, protection |
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1989 |
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100 p. |
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Kyzgyzstan; snow leopard; life-history; distribution; habitats; number; diet; behavior; conservation measures.; 7240; Russian |
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Habitat, status of population, geographical distribution, number, and ecology of snow leopard in Tien Shan are analyzed based on original realistic material collected 1981 through 1988.Information about irbis in the `foreign' part of its habitat is given for comparison. The reasons for snow leopard habitat shrinkage in Central Asia and Kazakhstan for over 100 years are assessed. Status of ungulate populations snow leopard prey on is given. The predator's behavioral pattern and condition in enclosure are given consideration. Protection measures are proposed. |
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Full text available in Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 702 |
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558 |
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Koshkarev, E. |
Title |
Strategy of Snow Leopard Conservation in the Range |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; uncia; conservation; poaching; protected; areas; range; population; protection; asia; endangered; species; 4990 |
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Islt |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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SLN @ rana @ 485 |
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568 |
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Koshkarev, E. |
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Strategy of Snow Leopard Conservation in Russia (and in Boundary Territories of Mongolia, China, and Kazakhstan) |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; uncia; conservation; plan; Russia; Mongolia; China; Kazakhstan; irbis; strategy; 5000 |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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SLN @ rana @ 486 |
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569 |
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Koshkarev, E.; Vyrypaev, V. |
Title |
The snow leopard after the break-up of the Soviet Union |
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2000 |
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Cat News |
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32 |
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9-11 |
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Ussr; Soviet-Union; survival; Extermination; endanger; poaching; Sociology; Russia; snow-leopard; browse; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; ecomomics; politics; herders; unting; trading; furs; pelts; agriculture; 40 |
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Full text at URLDocument Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 378 |
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566 |
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