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Author | Kosharev, E.P. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard and Turkestan Lynx Poaching in Central Asia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Autumn | Issue | 21 | Pages | |
Keywords | Central Asia; poaching; Russian; snow leopard; Turkestan | ||||
Abstract | Of the many problems facing the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan after the break-up of the USSR, poaching of endandered animals is of particular concern. Everything is up for sale through the black market, networks of acquaintances, middlemen or even advertisements in the newspapers: horns, skins, mounted trophies, animal parts for traditional medicine. Interest in snow leopard and Turkestan lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus Blyth), and skins and horns from mountain sheep and goats sharply increased in 1992-93, and prices grew unusually high. | ||||
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Notes | Translated from Russian by Kathleen Braden. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 941 | Serial | 553 | ||
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Author | Koshkarev E. | ||||
Title | Critical Ranges as Centres of Biodiversity | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | N 14 | Issue | Pages | 37-38 | |
Keywords | Central Asia; biodiversity; rare species; species survival; snow leopard.; 7270; Russian | ||||
Abstract | A high percentage of rare species in Central Asia experience limited conditions for distribution. Geographic centers with higher species diversity are generally constrained in terms of territory: they are formed when ranges overlap. But in Central Asia and along its borders with Russia, centers of biodiversity overlap at the very marginal edges of ranges. Central Asian species cross into Russian territory, where desert and steppe are replaced by thick forest. Here the northern borders of their ranges are sharply fragmented and isolated. Typical examples for Central Asia are the ranges of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), Asian leopard (Panthera pardus caucasica), striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Bukhara deer (Census elaphus bactrianus), markhor (Capra falconeri), blue sheep (Pseudois nayauf) and argali (Ovis ammon). In Russia are the Altai subspecies of argali, the Siberian argali (O.a.ammon), the mountain goat (Capra sibirica), Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa), snow leopard (Uncia uncia), Pallas' cat (Felis manul), dhole (Cuon alpinus), grey marmot (Marmota baibacina), Mongolian marmot (M. sibirica) and tolai hare (Lepus tolai). Where the numbers o f individuals has fallen to extreme lows, the most effective mechanism for species survival may be supporting the integrity of ranges, in order to preserve population exchanges between neighboring groups. The geographic location of reserves and other protected territories is vitally important for the survival of Central Asian species, given the acute fragmentation of their ranges. These reserves should include significant, viable centers of population the key places. Wherever the creation of permanent protected territories is impossible, a new tactic must be found, such as introducing temporary limitations on the use of land for agriculture and hunting. But all protected territories, whether temporary or permanent, should be connected, forming a core and periphery. The marginal range areas must not be forgotten, if total protection of endangered populations is to be accomplished. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Russian Conservation News. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 705 | Serial | 555 | ||
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Author | Koshkarev E. | ||||
Title | What has happened to the snow leopard after the break-up of Soviet Union? | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 4 (19) | Issue | Pages | 72 | |
Keywords | Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7280; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes status of snow leopard in republics of the former Soviet Union, main reasons for poaching and negative and positive experience on species conservation. The total number of snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the 1980's was at least 1200-1400. In Kazakhstan the snow leopard population totaled 180-200, in Uzbekistan around 100, and in Russia 150-200. The number and natural habitat of the species were in universal decline. Losses in Kyrgyzstan from poaching alone were no less than 30 animals per year in 1960-1980's. During this period the population in this area decreased by half, and the natural habitat by one third. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, poaching of the snow leopard and its pray grew by at least a factor of 3-4. It was estimated that 500-600 animals reduced the Kyrgyz snow leopard population in the 1990's. The population that remains today can barely be more than 150-200 individual snow leopards. The population has been physically decimated. Number of snow leopard in existence today in the former Soviet Union does not exceed 700-900 individual animals. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature conservation Journal. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 706 | Serial | 556 | ||
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Author | Koshkarev E. | ||||
Title | About snow leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Vol. 8. | Issue | Pages | 148-151 | |
Keywords | Central Asia; status; poaching; conservation measures; snow leopard.; 7290; Russian | ||||
Abstract | In 1980-s, in Central Asia there were 1,500-1,700 snow leopards: 800-900 in Kyrgyzstan, 500 in Tajikistan, 200 in Kazakhstan, and 100 in Uzbekistan. During the last century the number of snow leopard was constantly decreasing, though a its drastic reduction was observed after the collapse of the Soviet Union because of increased poaching for snow leopard and its objects of prey. The highest level of poaching was observed to occur in Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan's population of snow leopard reduced to 200 animals. A decrease of snow leopard number in other parts of its habitat with less intense hunting (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, south-west Kyrgyzstan) was mostly because of depletion of food resources (population of ungulates reduced five eight times). The reasons are corruption and unemployment. In order to improve the situation it is required to improve regulatory framework and replicate existing positive experience in economic motivation of nature protection activities. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan (Kazakhstan part). Proceedings of the Aksu Jabagly state nature reserve. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 707 | Serial | 557 | ||
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Author | Koshkarev E.P. | ||||
Title | Key areas of snow leopard's habitat as main conservation objects | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Part. 1. | Issue | Pages | 97-98 | |
Keywords | Kazakhstan; Southern Siberia; Central Asia; Talass ridge; Chatkal ridge; Zeravshan ridge; Hissar ridge; species range; key sites; snow leopard; nature reserves.; 7260; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The most vulnerable key areas within the snow leopard habitat are East Kazakhstan (an area of 48,000 square km) with no protected areas network established, and South Siberia (131,000 square km), where snow leopard is protected in three nature reserves. These areas are distant from main part of the habitat, isolated and have more extreme conditions. In Central Asia's key area (213,000 square km) linked to a main Chinese-Afghani part of the habitat, snow leopard was found in 11 nature reserves and two national parks. For reliable protection of this species it would be expedient to strengthen the role of the mountain nature reserves by means of extension and amalgamation of the areas, and other measures. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Environmental problems of wildlife protection. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 704 | Serial | 560 | ||
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Author | Krever V. | ||||
Title | Ecosystems of the High Mountains Species of Special Interest in Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 55-59 | ||
Keywords | Central Asia; mountain ecosystem; fauna; vertebrates; endangered species; threats; protected areas network; snow leopard.; 7470; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It gives description complexes of mountain ecosystems fauna of Central Asia, endangered vertebrates, main threats to biodiversity and existing protected areas network. Among the rare animal species of the alpine and subalpine meadows first of all should be listed the West Tien Shan endemic, the Menzbier's marmot (Marmota menzbien); the markhor wild goat which still inhabits the Vakhsh range in Tadjikistan; the dhole (Cyon alpinus) which is practically extinct; the Tien Shan bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus), and the snow leopard (Uncia uncia); among birds, the wlute-chested dove (Columba leuconota), sandgrouse (Syrrhaptes tibetanus, snowcocks (Tetraogallus tibetanus, T.altaicus) and bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity Conservation in Central Asia. An Analysis of Biodiversity and Current Threats and Initial Investment Portfolio. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 725 | Serial | 596 | ||
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Author | Kuznetsov B.A. | ||||
Title | The mountainous province in Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1950 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Edition 20th. (XXXV). New series. Zoological secti | Issue | Pages | 141-144 | |
Keywords | Central Asia; landscapes; biodiversity; mountain zone; fauna; snow leopard.; 7510; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The landscape and biologic diversity of Central Asia's mountains are described. Different types of fauna complexes are segregated. Snow leopard, dhole, and ibex are referred to Central Asia's highland species. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Essay on geographical zoning in the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 729 | Serial | 600 | ||
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Author | Kuznetzov B.A. | ||||
Title | Materials on mammal fauna in Central Asia. Central Asian mountainous province | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1963 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 116-121 | ||
Keywords | Central Asia; mountains; fauna; snow leopard; distribution.; 7520; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It provides a list of mammals of Central Asia (species and sub-species) indicating their main habitats, and undertakes an attempt to zone fauna of Central Asia based on data collected by the world science community concerning distribution of various mammal species over the country. Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schr. was indicated to inhabit the mountains of Central Asia. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology, biogeography, and taxonomy of mammals in the USSR. Proceeding of MOIP. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 730 | Serial | 604 | ||
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Author | Laptev M.K. | ||||
Title | The cats – Felidae | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1929 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue I. | Issue | Pages | 55-60 | |
Keywords | Central Asia; Felidae; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution.; 7550; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes identification features of the Felidae family species (ItŒ¤ŒlŒbus, A¤inŒn¢o, L¢no, Oigris, D…rdus, Uncia, r†m…†lurus, ¥…a…¤…l, ¥atolynx, Felis): colour, body size and skull length, length of limbs, presence or absence of ear-brushes, cheek-bones width, nasal bones, palatine bone, rapacious tooth, and acoustical capsules. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Central Asia mammals Guide (insectivorous, bats, predators, and ungulates). | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 733 | Serial | 611 | ||
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Author | Maheshwari, A., Niraj, S. K | ||||
Title | Monitoring illegal trade in snow leopards: 2003e2014 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Elsevier | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1 -6 | ||
Keywords | Snow leopard, Illegal trade, Central and southern Asia, Conservation | ||||
Abstract | Illegal trade in snow leopards (Panthera uncia) has been identified as one of the major threats to long-term survival of the species in the wild. To quantify severity of the threats to dwindling snow leopard population, we examined market and questionnaire surveys, and information from the published and unpublished literature on illegal trade and poaching of snow leopards.We collected information from 11 of the 12 snow leopard range counties in central and southern Asia, barring Kazakhstan, and reported 439 snow leopards (88 records) in illegal trade during 2003e2014, which represents a loss of approximately 8.4%e10.9% snow leopard population (assuming mid-point population of 5240 to minimum population of 4000 individuals) in a period of 12 years. Our data suggested a 61% decadal increase in snow leopard trade during 2003e2012 compared with 1993e2002, while taking the note of significant strengthening of wildlife enforcement and crime control network in the decades of 2000s and 2010s. We found 50% prosecution rate of snow leopard crimes resulting in only 20% conviction rate globally. Many limitations e.g., secretive nature of illegal trade, ill developed enforcement mechanism, poor and passive documentation of snow leopards' seizures, restricted us to reflect actual trend of snow leopards' illegal trade. Even on a conservative scale the present situation is alarming and may detrimental to snow leopard conservation. We propose an effective networking of enforcement efforts and coordination among the law enforcement agencies, efficient collection of data and data management, and sharing of intelligence in snow leopard range countries, could be useful in curbing illegal trade in snow leopards in central and southern Asia. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1466 | ||
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