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Author |
Freeman, H. |
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Title |
Social Behavior in the Snow Leopards and its implications for captive management |
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1978 |
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Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
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1 |
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71-77 |
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social; behavior; captive; management; captivity; zoo; zoos; browse; 3600 |
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SLN @ rana @ 44 |
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314 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L. |
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Title |
Conflict between predators and people in Ladakh |
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1997 |
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Cat News |
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17 |
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18 |
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asia; India; behavior; endangered; threatened-species; mammals; management; predation; public relations; reserves; refuges; parks; wildlife; human-relationships; livestock; sheep; goats; prey; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; protected-area; Hemis; browse; Islt; International; snow; leopard; trust; public; Relations; Human; relationships; protected; 640 |
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During a six-week period in Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India, snow leopards killed 10 sheep and goats and one leopard gained access to a livestock pen and killed many of the animals inside. Dholes also killed sheep and goats, and a wolf killed a young horse. Residents routinely remove snow leopard cubs from their dens to limit future damage by this species. How to deal with the plight of the people living in the area while still protecting the endangered species are major concerns of the International Snow Leopard Trust, which manages Hemis National Park. lgh. |
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AUTHOR ADDRESS: Dep. Ecol./Zool., IBG Univ. Tromso, Tromso, Norway, ORIGINAL SOURCE: Snow Leopard News, Autumn 1997
Document Type: English
Call Number: WR99-007446 |
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SLN @ rana @ 309 |
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310 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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66-74 |
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Keywords |
India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 307 |
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308 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L. |
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Title |
A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) |
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Miscellaneous |
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1989 |
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status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050 |
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Full Text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 137 |
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294 |
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Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Observations of snow leopard stalking, killing and feeding behavior |
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1988 |
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Mammalia |
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52 |
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1 |
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137-140 |
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India; stalking; killing; feeding; behavior; observations; browse; 850 |
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Full Text at URLDocument Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 99 |
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292 |
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Author |
Flerov K.K. |
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Title |
Capra sibirica, Uncia uncia uncia Erxleben |
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Miscellaneous |
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1935 |
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115-120 |
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Tajikistan; wild ibex; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior.; 6690; Russian |
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It describes identification signs of ibex and snow leopard; provides data concerning taxonomy, distribution and behavioral patterns of the both species. Snow leopard inhibits the mountains of Central Asia, Tarbagatai, Altai, Sayans and southward to the Humalayas. In Tajikistan snow leopard is distributed in Pamir, and probably, along alpine strip of the ridges in northern Tajikistan. The sub-species status is not defined. It is known that the same type inhabits the area from the Sayans to Himalayas. Only in Tibet and highlands of Sychuan and Gansu lives a well-marked sub-species Uncia uncia uncioides Hodgson. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Tajikistan, their life and importance for man. |
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SLN @ rana @ 647 |
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278 |
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Dzhanyspaev, A.D. |
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Title |
Hunting Behavior of the Snow Leopard at the Alma-Atinski Nature Reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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1991 |
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Snow Line |
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ix |
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2 |
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4-6 |
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hunting; behavior; Ussr; Russia; stalking; browse; 4730 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Seattle |
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Translated by Marina Proutkina |
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SLN @ rana @ 460 |
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249 |
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Author |
Dhungel, S. |
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Title |
Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal |
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Conference Article |
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1994 |
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47-50 |
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Nepal; conservation; livestock; herder; herders; poaching; hunting; pelts; fur; coat; skin; distribution; status; behavior; predator; prey; breeding; Himalaya; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; biology; habitat; scent; spray; tracks; scrapes; home-range; mating; bharal; blue-sheep; goral; tahr; musk-deer; blue; sheep; browse; musk; deer; 3030 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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Fox, J.L.; Jezing, D. |
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full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 306 |
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241 |
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Dang, H. |
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Title |
The snow leopard and its prey |
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Journal Article |
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1967 |
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The Cheetal |
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11 |
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47-58 |
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India; predator; prey; hunting; status; distribution; kills; behavior; predation; habitat; browse; 2330 |
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Discusses distribution and habitat of snow leopard in India. Estimates population of 200-400 in entire Himalayan region. Reports seventeen occasions of observing snow leopards in the wild, one involving the killing of Himalayan thar. Discusses snow leopard hunting methods and food habits, and provides evidence of predation from examination of 17 snow leopard kills. |
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SLN @ rana @ 17 |
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231 |
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Chundawat, R.S.; Rawat G.S. |
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Title |
Food Habits of Snow Leopard in Ladakh, India |
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1990 |
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11 |
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India; Ladakh; behavior; predator; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; ibex; ungulates; marmots; parks; refuge; protected-area; reserves; diet; habitat; scat; kills; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 970 |
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The snow leopard has remained little studied in the past, and most of the information available is either in the form of natural history or anecdotal notes. The inaccessibility of the terrain and its secretive habits make this one of the more difficult animals to study in the wild. In the past decade, several ecological surveys were conducted in India, Nepal, China and Mongolia, which gave us information on the status and distribution of snow leopard (Jackson, Mallon, Fox, Schaller, Chundawat) A detailed study in Nepal through light on its secretive habits ( Jackson and Ahlborn, 1989). Even then little is known about its feeding habits. The present paper discusses this aspect from a study which was part of a detailed study conducted on the ecology of snow leopard in India from October 1987 to Feburary 1990. |
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full text available at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 305 |
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223 |
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Freeman, H. |
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Title |
Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) |
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1983 |
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Zoo Biology |
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2 |
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1 |
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1-22 |
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behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600 |
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Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 60 |
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319 |
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Bykova E.A. |
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Method of questionnaire design used for the collecting of primary data on threatened species with the example of snow leopard |
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2004 |
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208-214 |
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Uzbekistan; questionnaire based method; distribution; number; food; behavior; poaching; snow leopard.; 6410; Russian |
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Method of questionnaire design is used for long time successfully in the various fields of zoological research. This method is most significant for the collecting of data on threatened species. It can be applied together with standard inquest and survey methods without taking remarkable financial and temporal expenses. Such data can be assigned as the base for further planning of scientific investigations of the threatened species. In the result of survey, there were gathered 96 records of Snow Leopard and its tracks of the vital functions on Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkestan and Hissar ridges. Majority of records was made on Hissar ridge either on the area of Hissar reserve, either outside of protected area. There was collected data on distribution of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan, on its territorial and food behavior, cases and causes of poaching. As a conclusion, it seems to be rational to use the method of questionnaire design among rangers of protected areas and local inhabitants for the collecting of primary information on threatened animal species. It would be optimal to gather such data every 3-4 years that would allow receiving the fresh comparable year-by-year information. Interpretation of questionnaire data should be made with certain prudence, taking into account subjectivity of collected information. Therefore during gathering of questionnaire data it is desirable personal attendance of researcher for more accurate definition of answers on the presented questions. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of the protected area network in Central Asia. |
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SLN @ rana @ 619 |
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205 |
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Burgener, N.; Gusset, M.; Schmid, H. |
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Frustrated appetitive foraging behavior, stereotypic pacing, and fecal glucocorticoid levels in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Zurich Zoo |
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2008 |
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Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |
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11 |
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74-83 |
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behavior; captive; fecal; feeding strategy; physiological; snow leopard; zoo |
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This study hypothesized that permanently frustrated, appetitive-foraging behavior caused the stereotypic pacing regularly observed in captive carnivores. Using 2 adult female snow leopards (Uncia uncia), solitarily housed in the Zurich Zoo, the study tested this hypothesis experimentally with a novel feeding method: electronically controlled, time-regulated feeding boxes. The expected result of employing this active foraging device as a successful coping strategy was reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress, compared with a control-feeding regime without feeding boxes. The study assessed this through behavioral observations and by evaluating glucocorticoid levels noninvasively from feces. Results indicated that the 2 snow leopards did not perform successful coping behavior through exercising active foraging behavior or through displaying the stereotypic pacing. The data support a possible explanation: The box-feeding method did not provide the 2 snow leopards with the external stimuli to satisfy their appetitive behavioral needs. Moreover, numerous other factors not necessarily or exclusively related to appetitive behavior could have caused and influenced the stereotypic pacing. |
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SLN @ rana @ 915 |
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202 |
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Author |
Bogdanov O.P. |
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Snow leopard or irbis Uncia Uncia |
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Miscellaneous |
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1992 |
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76-80 |
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Ussr; Uzbekistan; Pamir; tien shan; Hissar ridge; Turkestan ridge; Chatkal ridge; juniper forest; snow leopard; species range; hunting; behavior; diet; reproductive activity; number; ibex; mountain sheep.; 6380; Russian |
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Snow leopard and its habitat within the USSR and Uzbek SSR are described. Its habitat in the Chatkal and Hissar ridges are described too. Given are data concerning alimentary biology, reproduction, and attitude to man. Female snow leopards become mature at the age of two three years, male at the age of four years. Reproduction occurs once every two years. Presumably, there are 10 animals in the country. Snow leopard is protected in four nature reserves in Uzbekistan and a number of nature reserves in neighbour countries. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered animals of Uzbekistan. Encyclopedic reference book. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 616 |
Serial |
185 |
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Author |
Aramov, B. |
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Title |
The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Gissarsky Nature Reserve |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
108-109 |
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Keywords |
breeding; diet; predator; prey; reserve; reserves; park; parks; refuge; livestock; marmot; goat; sheep; horse; ibex; habitat; Gissarsky; Tajikistan; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; behavior; wolves; Dogs; herder; herders; protected-area; browse; soviet; union; soviet union; 2820 |
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Publisher |
Islt |
Place of Publication |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
Jackson, R. and A.A. |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad. PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 302 |
Serial |
95 |
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Author |
Annenkov, B.P. |
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Title |
The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in the Dzungarsky Alatau |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1990 |
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Volume |
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Pages |
21-24 |
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Keywords |
Kazakhstan; status; distribution; conservation; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; behavior; protected-area; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; 3010 |
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Notes |
Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Sixth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: KazakhstanDate of Copyright: 1990 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 163 |
Serial |
74 |
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Author |
Allabergenov E. |
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Title |
Predator that will never attack a man |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1991 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1 207 (7. 896) |
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Keywords |
Uzbekistan; distribution; number; diet; behavior; snow leopard.; 5960; Russian |
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Abstract |
Irbis is a very endangered species in Uzbekistan. The article provides a brief description of the snow leopard appearance and distribution. Reasons for reduction of snow leopard population is reduction of ungulate populations it preys on ibex and wild sheep and anthropogenic disturbance. Hunting for snow leopard is prohibited everywhere. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Vecherniy Tashkent Newspaper |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 575 |
Serial |
63 |
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Author |
Allabergenov E. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or ilvirs |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
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Volume |
1 122 (6. 013) |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Uzbekistan; distribution; habitats; diet; behavior; snow leopard.; 5940; Russian |
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Abstract |
In Uzbekistan, snow leopard can be found in the Turkistan and Gissar ridges, in the mountains of Zaami, and in the Kurama, Chatkal and Ugam ridges. Here it keeps at up to 3,000 4,000 m above sea level. Snow leopard feeds upon wild ungulates ibex and sheep, and sometimes attacks livestock but never man. A brief information concerning peculiarities of snow leopard biology and behavioral patterns is provided. |
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Place of Publication |
1986 |
Editor |
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Language |
Russian |
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Notes |
Full text available in Russian Journal Title: Vecherniy Tashkent Newspaper. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 573 |
Serial |
61 |
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Author |
Ali, S.M. |
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Title |
The Cats of India |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Myforest |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
275-291 |
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Keywords |
lion; clouded-leopard; cheetah; tiger; leopard; snow-leopard; India; Panthera-leo; Neofelis-nebylosa; Acinonyx-jubatus; Panthera-tigris; Panthera-pardus; Panthera-uncia; behavior; ecology; snow leopard; browse; panthera; uncia; pardus; clouded; leo; neofelis; nebylosa; ancinonyx; jubatus; 820 |
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Abstract |
Describes the range, behaviour and ecology of lion Panthera leo, tiger P. tigris, leopard P. pardus, snow leopard P. uncia, clouded leopard Neofelis nebylosa and cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. -P.J.Jarvis |
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English |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 144 |
Serial |
59 |
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Author |
Akimushkin I. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
139-140 |
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Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; number; food; behavior; reproduction; threats.; 6000; Russian |
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Abstract |
Snow leopard behavioral patterns, food preferences, and reproduction are described in a popular way. The population of snow leopard is defined to be 1,000 animals. A reason for the population decline is hunting for the sake of beautiful fur. |
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Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. Mammals or animals. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 579 |
Serial |
49 |
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Author |
Akimushkin I. |
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Title |
Snow leopard or irbis |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1971 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
210-211 |
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Keywords |
Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; behavior; reproduction.; 5990; Russian |
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Abstract |
The biology of snow leopard is described in a popular form. Information of distribution, behavior and reproductive biology, etc. is given. |
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Russian |
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Notes |
Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 578 |
Serial |
48 |
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Author |
Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R.M. |
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Title |
Marking in Free-Ranging Snow Leopards in West Nepal: A preliminary assesment |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
25-49 |
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Nepal; sign; markings; scrapes; spray; scat; habitat; status; behavior; browse; 1630 |
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Abstract |
Describes and Quantifies snow leopard marking behaviour, based primarily on sign, gatherd during a four year study in Nepal. Emphasis is on scrapes and spray markings, detailing their frequency of occurence realtive to habitat characteristics and season. Both sexes mark intensively, sign abundance is associated with intensity of use, and sign is concentrated along breaks in terrain. |
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Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
H.Freeman |
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Language |
English |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Shrinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 102 |
Serial |
37 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jackson, R. |
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Title |
SSC Plan for Snow Leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard |
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Full Text at URL
DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 201 |
Serial |
450 |
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Author |
Koshkarev, E.P. |
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Title |
An Unusual Hunt |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
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Pages |
9-12 |
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Keywords |
Tien-Shan; tracking; feces; ibex; hunting; predator; prey; browse; behavior; 940 |
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Notes |
Full text available at URLTien Shan High Mountain Physical Geography Staion, Kirghizian Academy of Sciences (Pokrovka) USSRDocument Type: English |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 402 |
Serial |
571 |
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Author |
Koshkarev, E.P. |
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Title |
Characteristics of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) movements in the Tien Shan |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
15-21 |
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Keywords |
Tien-Shan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; behavior; habitat; tracks; tracking; prey; predator; ibex; kills; browse; tien shan; soviet union; soviet; union; 2750 |
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Abstract |
Reports on a 3 yr winter study of snow leopard movements and activity, based on following tracks in the snow in Tien Shan Mountains of USSR. Travel route preference is examined with regard to snow and terrain characteristics, and prey abundance. Snow leopard kills of ibex and hare are noted |
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Full text available at URL |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 403 |
Serial |
570 |
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Permanent link to this record |