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Chapron, G.; Legendre, S. |
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Title |
Some Insights Into Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia) Demography By Using Stage Structured Population Models |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; uncia; viability; analysis; carnivore; carnivores; domestic; game; demographic; population; mortality; biology; mating; 4910 |
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Based on the limited data available on snow leopard demography, we developed deterministic and stochastic stage-structured demographic models to study the population dynamics of this large cat. Our results reveal that even small leopard populations can persist provided their demographic parameters remain high, but less favorable scenarios would require larger population sizes. Population growth rate is more sensitive to breeder survivals than to any other parameters. A snow leopard population would start declining if yearly mortality claims more than 1/5 of the population. This study identifies poaching as a major threat to snow leopard survival and stresses the importance of long-term studies to better understand snow leopard population dynamics. |
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Islt |
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Seattle |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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SLN @ rana @ 477 |
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213 |
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Author |
Cherkasova M.V. |
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Title |
Predators |
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Miscellaneous |
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1982 |
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15 |
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Ussr; Red Data book; mammals; carnivores; Cats; snow leopard.; 6420; Russian |
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Among species included in the Red Data Book of the USSR, predators occupy the first place; of them, unconditional leadership belongs the cat family species. Nine of eleven species of the family are referred to as rare and endangered ones. In the past snow leopard (Uncia uncia) inhabited all mountains on the south of the USSR from Tien Shan and Pamir to Transbaikalia. Now it no longer inhabits many of its previous habitats and has become rare, everywhere. Its total population in the USSR is no more than 1000 animals. At the beginning of XX century there were cases that such an amount of snow leopard (i.e. 1,000) was hunted during one year. Until recently, hunting the species was allowed all year round and even encouraged. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: They must live. Mammals. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 620 |
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215 |
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Author |
Chernogaev E.A. |
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Title |
Materials on rare and protected species of the Kyzylsu nature reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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1978 |
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39-40 |
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Uzbekistan; Kyzylsu nature reserve; rare species; birds; mammals; snow leopard; poaching; human influence.; 6430; Russian |
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This survey was being done (May, 1975 February, 1976) in the new Kyzylsu nature reserve, established in 1975. Before 1975, the anthropogenic pressure was mainly represented by overgrazing and unregulated hunting. Provided are data on bird species (bearded vulture, Himalayan vulture, griffon vulture, golden eagle, and Himalayan snow cock), mammal species (long-tailed marmot, Indian porcupine, brown bear, lynx, snow leopard, and Siberian ibex). |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection of flora and fauna in Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 621 |
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216 |
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Chernogaev E.A. |
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Title |
Modern condition and number of animals in nature reserves of Uzbekistan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1996 |
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Issue 1. |
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23-34 |
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Uzbekistan; nature reserves; modern condition; number; rare species; snow leopard.; 6440; Russian |
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There is adducing information about number and modern condition of C.ferox, G.barbatus, A.chrisa‰tus, M.menzbieri, U.arctosisabellinus, L.lutra seistanica, H.hiena, F.lynx isabellina, U.uncia, C.elaphus bactrianus, G.subgutturoza, C.falconeri, O. ammon severtzovi, O. orientalis bochariensis and other species during last years in Chatkal, Nuratau, Hissar, Surkhan and Kyzylkum nature reserves. There is prognosis in changing of number. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of nature protected areas of Uzbekistan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 622 |
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217 |
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Author |
Chichikin Yu.N. |
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Title |
Ways to enrich game fauna of Kyrgyzstan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1968 |
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33-39 |
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Kyrgyzstan; game species; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 6450; Russian |
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In Kyrgyzstan, there are 106 mammal and 111 bird species. 40 mammal and 70 bird species are game ones. Resources of some of them were undermined due to over-hunting. Moral, goitered gazelle, pheasant have disappeared; argali, roe deer, and wild boar have become not numerous. In order to protect game fauna and regulate hunting of wild animals, hunting was prohibited at lake Issyk-Kul (1948); hunting for moral, goitered gazelle, swan, bar-headed goose, pheasant, snow leopard, bear, and argali was prohibited too (1952, 1956 and 1958). |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Love and protect nature of Kyrgyzstan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 623 |
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218 |
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Author |
Chichikin Yu.N., Y.A.I. |
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Title |
Issyk Kul nature reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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1969 |
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475-480 |
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Kyrgyzstan; Issyk Kul nature reserve; Jety Oguz site; establishment; climate; physiographic factors; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 6460; Russian |
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A description of the Issyk Kul nature reserve (Kyrgyzstan) is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, climate, flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabited in Jety Oguz site of the nature reserve. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protected areas of Soviet Union. |
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SLN @ rana @ 624 |
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219 |
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Author |
Chumakova A.V. |
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Title |
The Kyzylsu, Miraki, and Markakol nature reserves |
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Miscellaneous |
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1980 |
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153-155 |
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Central Asia; nature reserves; Kysylsu nature reserve; Miraki nature reserve; Markakol nature reserve; establishment; soil; climate; physiographic factors; researching; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 6470; Russian |
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A description of the Kyzylsu, Miraki, and Markakol nature reserves is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, vegetation, altitude zones, and fauna. In the Kyzylsu nature reserve there are 28 mammal species; in Miraki 23, and in Mirkakol 39. Snow leopard can be found in all the three nature reserves. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 625 |
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220 |
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Author |
Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Ecological Studies of Snow Leopard and its Associated Prey Species in Hemis High Altitude Park, Ladakh (J&K) |
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Book Whole |
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1992 |
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90 pages |
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India; Ladakh; snow-leopard; predator; prey; herder; blue-sheep; habitat; herders; Hemis; parks; reserves; refuge; protected-area; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 980 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of Rajasthan |
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Snow Leopard Trust holds one copyPlace of Publication: Indira Gandhi Centre for Human Ecology, Environmental and Population Studies, University of Rajastan, Jaipur-302 004, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1992 |
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SLN @ rana @ 188 |
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224 |
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Author |
Dementiev G.P. |
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Mammals |
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1969 |
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19-27 |
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Ussr; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; fluctuation; threats.; 6490; Russian |
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It provides a list and discusses a status of rare and endangered predators and ungulates in the USSR (24 species in total). Snow leopard inhabits the mountain ridges of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, in the Altai and Tuva. The habitat of snow leopard had not changed significantly since recently, though its population had been reducing (according to materials of the year 1967). Such reduction of its population is because of the common assumption of its harmfulness and high demand for its fur-skin and high prices that zoos would readily pay for the animals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered mammal and bird species in the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 627 |
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234 |
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Dementiev G.P. |
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Title |
Quadrupeds inhabitants of the mountains |
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1967 |
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110-116 |
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asia; mountain fauna; endemics; species range; rodents; ungulates; carnivores; marmots; pikas; voles; ibex; mountain sheep; snow leopard.; 6480; Russian |
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All species inhabiting the highlands of Asia are normally referred to as herbivorous or predators. A majority of alpine land species (rodents and ungulates) feeds upon leaves, stalks, and roots of plants. Among widely distributed highland species the most interesting are marmots, red pica, grey vole, argali, and ibex. Argali and ibex are preyed on by snow leopards. There are reasons to believe that these mountain animal species are more ancient than their cognates in a plain. All the way from Central Asia to Europe, species belonging to the eastern and western fauna complexes are observed to interpenetrate. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In severe cold and heat. (Animal and landscape). |
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SLN @ rana @ 626 |
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235 |
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Author |
Devyatkin G.V. |
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Title |
Snow leopard (Uncia uncia Schr.) in the Altai-Sayans ecologic region |
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1999 |
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71 |
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Russia; Altai; snow leopard; distribution; number.; 6500; Russian |
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Though snow leopard is widely distributed in the Altai-Sayans ecologic region (the Krasnoyarsk region, Khakasia, Tuva, the Altai), it is still a rare and understudied species. Its total population in Khakasia is 10-12 animals, in the Altai 60-70 animals. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: 4th congress of mammalogists' society. |
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SLN @ rana @ 628 |
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237 |
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Dustov J. |
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Evaluation of current status of large mammals in the Chatkal nature reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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2002 |
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89-92 |
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Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 6510; Russian |
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The counts of species populations such as Menzbier's marmot, roe-deer, ibex, wild boar, wolf, Tien Shan brown bear, and snow leopard has been made on permanent transects in the Chatkal reserve for 18 years. Data on of the population numbers is provided. 11 encounters with snow leopard were registered during a period of 1975 through 1979. Two encounters were recorded in 2000. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biodiversity of the Western Tien Shan: protection and sustainable use. |
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SLN @ rana @ 629 |
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247 |
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Egorov O.V. |
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Enemies, infections, parasites and mortality rate of ibex |
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1955 |
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Vol. 42. |
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37-50 |
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Ussr; ungulates; predators; snow leopard.; 6520; Russian |
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Reasons for ibex and argali mortality from natural enemies, parasites, infections, accidents, and hunters are analyzed. Snow leopard is one of the most dangerous enemies of ibex and argali, preying equally on both young and mature animals (mostly males). Snow leopard feeds upon ibex all year round. Unlike wolf, snow leopard would never kill several animals at a time, but only one selected victim. The food remains left by these predators are different in terms of the skull gnawing. Nasal bones and eye-sockets on the skull of ibex killed by snow leopard remain undamaged, while wolf gnaws off nasal part of the skull, breaks eye-sockets, eats lower jaw, widens occipital hole and pulls out brains. Snow leopard leaves large pieces of skin around the skeleton of the victim, whereas wolf tears it to shreds or eats up fully. Sometimes parts of the victim left by snow leopard are eaten by wolf. It is easy to mix the remains of snow leopard's or griffon vulture's food. The remains differ in skin being turned inside out rather than torn to large pieces. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of ZIN of the Academy of Science of the USSR. |
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SLN @ rana @ 630 |
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251 |
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Author |
Elkin K.F. |
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Title |
Predatory mammals in the Eastern Kazakhstan |
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1979 |
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34-36 |
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Kazakhstan; carnivores; snow leopard.; 6530; Russian |
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There are 20 predatory mammal species in eastern Kazakhstan, three of which disappeared (tiger, dhole, raccoon), five are endangered (snow leopard, wild cat, manul, marbled polecat, and stone marten). Snow leopard is not met in the South Altai and Tarbagatai each year. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 631 |
Serial |
252 |
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Author |
Epifanov V.M. |
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Title |
Fauna |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1968 |
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29-33 |
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Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; fishes; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 6540; Russian |
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There are three fish species, two amphibian species, nine reptile, 97 bird species, and 23 mammal species, including snow leopard, in the Chatkal reserve. A list of animals and their brief description is provided. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The land of pristine environment (Guidebook for the Chatkal nature reserve). |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 632 |
Serial |
254 |
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Author |
Esipov A.V. |
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Title |
Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Uzbekistan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1995 |
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48-49 |
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Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; number; distribution; threats; conservation measures; snow leopard; 6600; Russian |
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Abstract |
There are two isolated snow leopard populations in Uzbekistan, both of which are located along the fringe of the species' distribution. These groups are the Pamir-Alai and the Tien-Shan, of which are united to snow leopard range in neighboring Tadjikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Apart from animals inhabiting the Hissar Nature Reserve, the Pamir-Alai population consists of animals inhabiting the upper portion of the Tupalang River basin and the mountains around Baisuntau. This population is currently estimated at about 30 individuals, from which as many as 10 individuals are reported to be killed or captured annually. However, we suspect the loss rate is more like five to eight individuals, with the entire Pamir-Alai group in Uzbekistan numbering 22 – 25 animals. The Tien-Shan snow leopard sub-population group of Uzbekistan occupies the high-mountain portions of practically all of the large ridges in the area, including Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam and Talass Alatau. The number of snow leopards harvested from this sub-population appears to be five or seven individuals, with the total number placed at 27-32 individuals. The major factors restricting snow leopard numbers in Uzbekistan appears to be poaching of both snow leopard and its large prey species like ibex, as well as disturbance associated with the intensive development of the alpine lands for pasturing livestock. In order to preserve the snow leopard in Uzbekistan it will be necessary to control and eliminate poaching. Additional habitat could be provided by expanding the Chatkal Nature Reserve by adding lands in the Shavassai River basin as well as Akbulak River basin. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium Islamabad |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 638 |
Serial |
255 |
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Author |
Esipov A.V. |
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Title |
The 56th anniversary of the Chatkal reserve |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2003 |
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Volume |
15 |
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15 |
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Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; fauna; rare species; snow leopard.; 6610; Russian |
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Being one of nine nature reserves in Uzbekistan, Chatkal was established in 1947. Its area changed its size and administrative jurisdiction. Foothills adjacent to the nature reserve were long ago inhabited and developed by people. In Middle Ages, the area of juniperous forest reduced considerably because of mining operations. There are rare mammal species in the nature reserve, such as snow leopard, bear, Menzbier's marmot, and six rare bird species |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Guliston Journal |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 639 |
Serial |
256 |
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Author |
Esipov A.V. |
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Title |
Current state of snow leopard and its main preys in Hissar nature reserve |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2000 |
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61-67 |
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Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; number; distribution; threats; snow leopard; Siberian ibex; long-tailed marmot.; 6630; Russian |
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An expert evaluation of the numbers of snow leopard and its preys, Siberian ibex and long-tailed marmot, was made on the basis of surveys conducted in Hissar nature reserve in 1999. The total number of the snow leopard is estimated at 12-16 individuals, whereas that of the Siberian ibex at 1000 individuals. An average density of the population of the long tailed marmot ranges at 4,8 individuals per ha. The ratio of the numbers between the snow leopard, Siberian ibex and long tailed marmot is 1:68:450. The major threats for the snow leopard are poaching on the borders of the nature reserve, a decrease in of preys, shrinking of the range in areas adjoining the nature reserve as a result of intensification of industrial activities and disturbing factors. For the Siberian ibex and long tailed marmot the major limiting factors are the shrinking of the areas and deterioration of the forage value of the high-mountain pastures, as well as the direct competition for forage with domestic animals at the sites adjoining the territory of the nature, as well as disturbing factors. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Conservation of biodiversity in strictly protected territories of Uzbekistan. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 641 |
Serial |
257 |
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Author |
Esipov A.V. |
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Title |
Distribution and Numbers of the Siberian Ibex in the Hissar Nature Reserve, Uzbekistan |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2002 |
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76-78 |
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Uzbekistan; Hisssar nature reserve; wild ibex; distribution; number; predators; snow leopard.; 6640; Russian |
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It describes distribution and number of ibex in four parts of the Hissar nature reserve in Uzbekistan. The total number of ibex is estimated to be 1,500 animals. The natural enemies of ibex are snow leopard, wolf, and lynx. Data about ibex's food, seasonal migrations, and threats are given. Decreasing forage reserve and poaching are considered as the most serious threats. A buffer zone is suggested to be established in the areas adjacent to Tajikistan and the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Necessity of nature protection in South Uzbekistan. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 642 |
Serial |
258 |
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Author |
Esipov A.V. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard (Irbis) |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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2003 |
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Volume |
Vol. II. Animals. |
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218-219 |
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Uzbekistan; Red Data book; category of threat; number; distribution; threats; snow leopard.; 6650; Russian |
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Abstract |
Critically Endangered l (CR C2a(i); D), locally distributed western subspecies of Central Asian species. It occurs in Western Tien Shan and Western Pamir Alay. It inhabits middle and high belts of the mountains. It prefers watersheds and rocky talus slopes. It never was numerous; last decades the numbers have been decreasing. In 1980's-1990's in Hissar nature reserve 5-11 individuals were counted, in 1970's-1980's in Chatkal nature reserve the 1-3 specimens were observed. Perhaps, total number is 20-30 individuals. The threats are development of high mountain pastures, decreasing of prey numbers, human persecution and poaching. Included in the IUCN Red List [EN] and in Appendix I of CITES. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of Republic of Uzbekistan. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 643 |
Serial |
259 |
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Author |
Esipov A.V. |
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Title |
Ugam Chatkal State Nature Park |
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Miscellaneous |
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2004 |
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N1 |
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46-47 |
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Uzbekistan; Ugam Chatkal Nature Park; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; numerous species; ibex.; 6660; Russian |
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There are endangered species as bear, snow leopard and Menzbier's marmot recorded in Western Tien Shan mountains. Wild boar, Siberian ibex, roe deer, wolf, badger, porcupine and red fox are rather numerous species on this area. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecological News Journal. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 644 |
Serial |
261 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Esipov V.M. |
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Title |
Chatkal nature reserve |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1969 |
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486-494 |
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Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; Chatkal nature reserve; establishment; soil; climate; physiographic factors; altitude zones; flora; fauna; snow leopard.; 6550; Russian |
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Presented is history of the Chatkal nature reserve's establishment, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, altitude zones, flora and fauna, historical monuments. Snow leopard is quiet rare species in nature reserve. Last years irbis's tracks and voice have been recorded in highly mountain sites of Maidantal part of Chatkal nature reserve. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 633 |
Serial |
262 |
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Author |
Esipov V.M. |
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Title |
The nature reserve in the spurs of Tien Shan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1978 |
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Vol.8. |
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8 |
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Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; location; Animals; snow leopard.; 6560; Russian |
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The Chatkal state mountain forest nature reserve is located in western spurs of the Chatkal ridge. The permanent inhabitants of the nature reserve are ibex, wild boar, roe-deer, bear, badger, porcupine, stone marten, fox, ermine, Menzbier's marmot, and relict suslik (gopher), and bird species such as gray partridge, snow-cock, black vulture, griffon vulture, etc. Under special protection are rare animal and bird species such as snow leopard, Menzbier's marmot, bearded vulture, golden eagle, etc. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Journal `Soviet Uzbekistan Today' |
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no |
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SLN @ rana @ 634 |
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263 |
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Author |
Esipov V.M. |
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Title |
Chatkal mountain-forest nature reserve |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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1979 |
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64-68 |
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Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; establishment; flora; fauna; researching; rare species; snow leopard.; 6570; Russian |
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It described history of the Chatkal nature, flora and fauna, scientific and conservation activities. Snow leopard, brown bear, Menzbier's marmot, golden eagle, snake-eagle and lammergeyer inhabited in nature reserve. These species included in Red data book. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunter and fisherman of Uzbekistan. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 635 |
Serial |
264 |
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Author |
Esipov V.M. |
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Title |
The status and perspective protection and rehabilitation of natural ecosystems in the Chatkal state biosphere nature reserve under the State Committee for Agriculture and Industry of the USSR |
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Miscellaneous |
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1986 |
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15-17 |
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Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; establishment; conservation regime; Animals; snow leopard.; 6580; Russian |
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The area of the Chatkal nature reserve reduced as part of its territory (a land plot in the Shavasay river basin) was assigned to a military game preserve. As regime of protection worsened, number of animals such as Menzbier's marmot, snow leopard, ibex, snow cock, and black stork began to reduce. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Geographical problems of wildlife protection development. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 636 |
Serial |
265 |
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